^TATENURMAL  SCHOOL. 

T/^S  AKGELEP..  ••-  CaL 


HAND-BOOK 


tcd 


^ 


OF 


LIGHT  GYMNASTICS 


By   LUCY   B.  HUNT 

LATE  INSTRUCTOR   IN   GYMNASTICS   AT  SMITH   COLLEGE 
NORTHAMPTON    MASS. 


NEW    EDITION 


BOSTON 
LEE    AND    SHEPARD    PUBLI'SHERS 

NEW  YORK    CHARLES    T.   DILLINGHAM 

1S90 


Copyright,   i88i, 
I'.Y  1-i:e  and  Shkpaku 

Corviar.HT,  1889, 
By  Li  e  and  Shki'Ard. 


A  U  rig  Jits  reserved. 


U31 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Introduction 7 

Free  Gymnastics     .         .        .         .        .        .11 

Wand  Exercises .21 

Ring  Exercises -27 

Dumb-Bells -35 

Percussion 46 

Mutual  Help  Exercises         .        .        .        -     49 

Bean-Bags 52 

Marching 54 

Chapter  on  Dress So 

Cy^inastic  Music SS 


PREFACE. 


TN  the  preparation  of  this  little  handbook 
^  of  light  Gymnastics,  I  have  had  in  view 
the  often-expressed  want  of  many ;  which 
want,  so  far  as  I  can  learn,  no  one  has  yet 
attempted  to  supply.  It  is  not  intended  to 
compete  with,  or  take  the  place  of,  the  many 
valuable  works  on  this  su])ject  by  Dr.  Dio 
Lewis  and  others  ;  but  to  give,  in  an  inexpen- 
sive form,  a  condensed  yet  clear  description 
of  the  various  exercises. 

Most  books  that  have  been  thus  far  pub- 
lished, are,  by  reason  of  illustrations  and  the 
additional  subjects  treated,  both  expensive 
and  bulky. 

Taking  the  Dio  Lewis  svstcm  as  a  founda- 
tion, I  have,  during  the  experience  of  many 

5 


6  Preface. 

years'  teaching,  added  to,  taken  from,  and 
altered  various  exercises,  resulting  in  the 
order  now  published  for  the  first  time  in 
these  pages. 

I  claim,  therefore,  originality  in  the  arrange- 
ment, and  in  a  greater  part  of  the  marching 
figures. 

While  this  book  is  intended  and  prepared 
for  the  use  of  my  own  pupils,  and  for  teachers 
in  colleges  and  seminaries,  it  is  hoped  that  it 
will  prove  a  convenient  guide  to  those  who 
wish  to  carry  on  these  exercises  at  home. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  exercises  here  given  having  been  care- 
fully selected,  and  thoroughly  tested,  can  be 
practised  by  any  person  in  ordinary  health 
without  injury,  if  the  following  conditions  are 
observed : 

Never  over-w^ork,  particularly  at  the  begin- 
ning, and  avoid  all  exposure  and  draughts 
while  resting  between  and  after  the  exercises. 

Go  into  the  gymnasium  regularly,  without 
omitting  a  day,  and  always  in  a  dress  that  is 
correct  in  every  particular. 

Attention  is  called  to  the  carefully  pre- 
pared chapter  on  the  gymnastic  suit. 

In  all  these  exercises,  the  movements  are 
to  be  performed  steadily  and  gradually,  and 
never  with  a   sudden  jerk.     Beginning  with 


8  Li(jht  Gymnastics. 

care  and  using  but  little  force,  increase  in 
vigor  from  day  to  day,  till  all  the  changes  are 
marked  with  that  precision  and  dash  so  es- 
sential to  their  perfect  performance. 

All  movements  of  the  head  and  body  must 
be  slow  compared  witli  those  of  the  limbs. 
What  are  called  free  gymnastics,  being  per- 
formed witliout  apparatus  of  any  sort,  I  place 
as  the  simplest  form  of  exercise  at  the  begin- 
ning of  the  list. 

The  wands  come  next,  and  are  much  easier 
than  the  rings  and  dumb-bells,  always  provided 
that  the  wand  is  of  the  rcciuisite  length,  viz.  ; 
just  reaching  to  the  armpit  when  placed  on 
the  floor  at  one's  side.  The  rings  are,  in  my 
estimation  more  open  to  objection  than  any 
other  exercise,  owing  to  the  almost  unavoida- 
ble inequalities  in  strengtii,  and  length  of  arm- 
reach,  of  those  taking  part.  Great  care  should 
be  shown  in  selecting  partners,  and  teachers 
should  insist  tliat  tliey  be  about  equal  in 
height,  and  general  strength.  Then  there 
can  be  no  possibK'  danger  in  these  exercises 


Introduction.  9 

which,  in  some  respects,  are  the  most  beauti- 
ful of  all  forms  of  gymnastic  work.  The 
Quartette  exercises,  when  rendered  with  pre- 
cision and  in  perfect  unison  with  the  music, 
are  particularly  efiective.  The  dumb-bells, 
with  the  anvil  chorus,  must  always  be  taken 
very  slowly.  The  list  of  club  exercises  I 
shall  omit  from  this  book.  While  they  are, 
for  obvious  reasons,  very  valuable,  they  are 
more  difficult  than  many  others  as  bringing 
into  play  for  a  longer  time  unused  muscles ; 
and  they  are  also  extremely  difficult  to  de- 
scribe without  the  aid  of  illustrations. 


FREE    GYMNASTICS. 


Position  :  stand  with  heels  together,  hips 
and  shoulders  back,  hands  firmly  closed  and 
well  back  upon  the  chest. 

First  Series. 

Each  number  fills  a  strain  of  music  except 
when  otherwise  specified. 

No.  I.  Thrust  right  hand  down  twice,  left 
twice,  alternately  twice,  together  twice. 

No.  2.  Repeat  No.  i,  only  thrust  hands 
out  at  sides  instead  of  down. 

No.  3.  Repeat  No.  i,  thrusting  hands  di- 
rectly up. 

No.  4.  Repeat  No.  i,  thrusting  hands  from 
shoulders  directly  forward. 

No.  5.   Right   hand  down  once,   left  once. 


12  Light  Gymnastics, 

drum  beat  (the  right  hand  a  little  in  advance 
of  left)  once,  together  once,  half  a  strain. 

No.  6.  Same  exercise,  thrusting  out  at 
sides  instead  of  down. 

No.  7.  Same  exercise,  only  thrusting  di- 
rectly up. 

No.  8.  Same  exercise,  only  thrusting  di- 
rectly forward  from  shoulder. 

No.  9.  Right  hand  down  once,  left  once, 
then  clap  hands  through  rest  of  the  strain. 

No.  10.   Same  exercise,  out  at  sides. 

No.  II.   vSame  exercise,  directly  up. 

No.  12.  Same  exercise,  out  in  front. 
4  No.  13.  Hands  on  the  hips,  step  with  right 
foot  forward,  then  diagonally  forward,  directly 
at  side,  diagonally  back,  directly  back,  cross 
back  of  left,  cross  again  still  farther  back  ; 
lastly  cross  in  front  of  left  foot,  returning  to 
position  after  each  step. 

No.  14.   Repeat  No.  13,  with  left  foot. 

No.  15.  Stamp  with  right  foot  forward 
three  times,  advancing  each  time,  then  left 
three  times.  Stamp  three  times  back  with 
riLdit   foot,   same   with   left. 


Free  Gymnastics.  13 

No.  1 6.  Repeat  No.  15. 

No.  17.  Hands  still  on  hips  twist  bod}' 
alternately  to  right  and  left,  twice  each  ;  four 
beats  of  music. 

No.  18.  Bend  body  alternately  to  right  and 
left,  four  beats  of  music  finishing  the  strain. 

No.  19.  Bend  body  alternately  forward  and 
back,  twice  each. 

J  No.  20.  Bend  body  first  right,  then  back, 
left,  front ;  reverse,  left,  back,  right,  front, 
finishing  the  strain. 

No.  21.  Same  as  No.  17,  only  twist  the 
head. 

No.  23.  Same  as  No.  18,  only  bend  the 
head  instead  of  the  body. 

No.  23.   Same  as  No.  19,  w^ith  head  only. 
•  No.  24.   Like  No.  20,  bend  head  instead  of 
body,  right  back,  left,  front,  then  reverse. 

No.  25.  Arms  extended  in  fr«nt,  bring 
them  forcibly  back  to  chest  eight  times. 

No.  26.  Arms  again  extended,  raise  right 
hand  t^vice  without  bending  the  elbow,  then 
left  twice,  alternately  twice,  together  t^vice. 


14  Light  Gymnastics. 

No.  27.  Hands  closed  on  chest,  thrust 
down,  out,  up,  and  in  front,  twisting  the  arms 
each  thrust ;  repeat. 

No.  28.  Thrust  hands  from  chest  toward 
floor  without  bending  the  knees,  stop  on  chest, 
then  over  head,  rising  on  toes,  and  opening 
hands  at  each  thrust,  continue  in  half  time 
through  strain. 
\j  No.  29.  Cross  left  foot  over  right,  at  same 
time  touching  fingers  over  head  ;  then  right 
foot  over  left,  alternately  in  half  time  through 
the  strain. 

No.  30.  Stamp  left  foot,  then  right,  charge 
diagonally  forward  with  right  foot,  bend  and 
straighten  right  knee,  at  the  same  time  carry- 
ing arms  back  from  horizontal  in  front. 
When  the  arms  are  extended  in  front,  the 
hands  should  be  the  width  of  the  shoulders 
apart.         . 

No.  31 .  Repeat  this  exercise  on  the  left  side. 

Second  Series. 
Position  same  as  before. 

No.  I.  Thrust  right  hand  from  ciicst  down, 
then  up,  twice,  same  with  left  hand. 


'  •  '"-^•-■-lAa-*  ik^vi  I  \J\J 

3ELES.  -:-  CAL. 


Free  Gymnastics,  15 

No.  2.  Same  alternately,  right  hand  going 
down  first  as  left  goes  up.  Both  down,  then. 
up  twice  each. 

No.  3.  Thrust  right  hand  out  at  right  side, 
ihmi  cross  to  left  alternately  through  the 
strain,  twisting  the  l^ody  when  turning  t" 
left. 

No.  4.  Thrust  left  hand  out  at  left  side, 
then  cross  to  riglit,  twisting  body  at  right. 
^  No.  5.  Thrust  both  hands  to  right  and  left 
le\Ll  with  shoulders,  alternately  through  th.- 
strain,  twisting  body  eacli  time,  but  keeping 
feet  still. 

No.  6.  Thrust  both  hands  out  at  right  side 
four  times,  then  to  left  four  times. 

No.  7.  Thrust  right  loot  forward  and  down 
three  times,  stamping  floor  on  fourth  beat, 
same  with  left  foot.  Thrust  right  foot  back 
three  times,  then  left,  stamping  on  fourth  beat 
each  time.     Two  strains  of  music. 

No.  8.  Hands  down  at  sides,  raise  right 
arm  over  head  without  bending  elbow,  twice, 
then  left  twice,  alternately,  then  togethci 
twice. 


16-  Lif/Jit   Gi/?n)Histics. 

No.  9.  Arms  down  at  sides,  raise  right  to 
the  side  of  head  twice,  then  left  twice, 
alternately  twice,  then  together  twice. 

No.  10.  Arms  extended  in  front,  swing 
tliem  back  horizontally  eight  times. 

No.  II.  Hands  down  at  sides,  raise  right 
sliouider  twice,  left  twice,  alternately  twice, 
together  twice. 

No.  12.  Hands  down  at  sides,  open  and 
shut  the  fingers  four  times,  out  at  sides  four 
times. 

No.  13.  Same  over  head,  same  with  arms 
extended  in  front. 

No.  14.  Mowing  movement  with  both 
arms  from  right  to  left  then  from  left  to  right, 
bending  the  body  forward  from  the  hips. 

No.  15.  Hands  on  hips,  thrust  elbows  back 
eight  times. 

No.  16.  Bend  body  to  right,  thrust  the 
hands  forward  and  downward,  alternatelv, 
four  times ;  the  same  on  the  left  side. 

No.  17.   Repeat  No,  16. 

No.  18.   Swing  arms  around,  hitting  chest 


Free   Gyn uia sties.  1 7 

(as  teamsters  warm  their  hands),  riglit  liand 
above  and  then  left,  eight  times. 

No.  19.  Hands  on  hips,  stamp  left  foot, 
'  then  right,  step  diagonally  forward  with  riglit 
foot,  sway  back  and  forth,  bending  right  and 
left  knees  alternately. 

No.  20.   Repeat  No.  19  on  left  side. 

No.  21.  Repeat  No.  19,  stepping  back  in- 
stead of  forward  with  right  foot. 

No.  22.   Repeat  No  21,  with  left  foot. 

Third  Sp:ries. 

Position  :  heels  together,  hands  on  hips. 

No.  I.  vStamp  seven  times  quickly  with 
right,  once  slowly  with  left,  once  with  right, 
then  step  diagonally  forward  with  right  foot, 
shoulders  back,  fill  the  lungs,  then  percuss 
the  chest  through  the  rest  of  the  strain. 

No.   2.  Repeat  on  left  sitle. 

No.  3.  Repeat,  stepj^ing  back  with  right 
foot  on  right  side. 

No.  4.   Repeat,  stepping  back  on  left. 
J    No.  5.  Clasp  hands  behind  the  back,  raise 
and  thrust  down  with  force  eigfht  times. 


18  Light  Gymnastics. 

No.  6.  Hands  down  at  sides,  twist  them 
four  times  half  round,  same  out  at  sides. 

No.  7.  Repeat  over  head,  repeat  with  arms 
extended  in  front. 

No.  8.  Arms  extended  in  front,  pahns  to- 
gether, without  bending  the  elbows,  slide  right 
and  left  hands  alternately  through  the  strain. 

No.  9.  Hands  closed  firmly  under  the  arm- 
pits, thrust  right  hand  down  twice,  left  twice, 
alternately  twice,  together  twice. 

No.  10.  Hands  upon  shoulders,  repeat  No. 
9,  only  thrusting  up  instead  of  down. 

No.  II.  Right  hand  down  from  armpit, 
left  hand  up  from  shoulder,  alternate  through 
four  beats. 

No.  12.  Thrust  hands  down  from  armpits, 
and  up  from  shoulders  alternately  through 
oj^  strain. 

No.  13.  Hands  down  at  sides,  carry  right 
arm  twice  to  the  horizontal  position  in  front, 
stopping  suddenly  with  arm  on  a  line  with 
slioulder,  left  arm  twice,  alternately  twice, 
toLit'ther  1\\  ice. 


Free   (Ti/nuidsflcs.  19 

.^^No.  14.  Carry  the  arms  to  the  perpendicu- 
lar, and  then  move  them  with  the  whole  body 
from  side  to  side,  keeping  elbows  stiff  through 
the  strain. 

No.  15.  Thrust  right  down,  left  out,  right 
out,  left  up,  right  up,  left  out  in  front,  right 
out  in  front,  left  down. 

No.  16.   Repeat  No.  14. 

Ciionus. 

Music,  "  Yankee  Doodle,"  always. 

Position,  heels  together,  hands  closed  on 
chest. 

No.  I.   Repeat  No.  i  of  first  series. 

No.  2.  Clap  hands  through  the  strain. 

No.  3.  Percuss  chest  through  the  strain. 

No.  4.  Hop  on  right  foot  four  times,  then 
on  left  four  times. 

No.  5.   Repeat  No.  3,  first  series. 

No.  6.   Clap  hands  through  strain. 

No.  7.   Percuss  the  chest. 

No.  8.  Hop  on  right  and  left  feet  alter 
nately  four  beats,   together  four  beats. 


20  Light   Gymnn sties. 

No.  9.   Repeat  No.  3,  first  series. 

No.  10.   Clap  the  hands. 

No.  II.   Percuss  tlie  chest. 

No.  12.  Take  long  skipping  steps,  right 
then  left  foot  alternately  through  the  measure. 

No.  13,   Repeat  No.  4,  first  series. 

No.  14.  Clap  the  hands. 

No.  15.  Percuss  the  chest. 

No.  16.  Take  twisted  step,  one  foot  cross- 
inz  the  otlier  throuj^h  the  strain. 

Cautions. 

Keep  the  heels  together  and  hips  l)ack,  un- 
less the  exercise  otherwise  directs.  The  arnis 
overhead  sliould  always  be  witli  ell)()v.s  un- 
bent.    Inhale  before  percussion. 

These  exercises  should  be  taken  slowly  and 
with  caution  at  first.  As  tlie  strengtli  in- 
creases, greater  rapidity  and  force  should  l)e 
employed. 

Music  for  the  free  gymnastics  must  always 
be  eltlier  in  galoj:)  or  polka  time.  'J'he  j)olka 
is  better  for  ihe  lirsl  seiies  wlien  taken  alone; 
the   galop  for  the  others. 


WAND    EXERCISES. 


Position  :  heels  together,  hips  and  shoulders 
well  back.  The  wand  is  held  in  front  of  the 
right  shoulder,  till  first  signal  from  the  piano, 
which  consists  of  three  chords  struck  with 
both  hands,  the  first  being  the  length  of  the 
other  two  ;  then  drop  it  horizontally  in  front 
of  the  body.  At  second  signal  raise  the 
wand  till  the  arms  are  extended  in  horizontal 
position  in  front  of  body,  place  the  hands  so 
as  to  divide  the  wand  into  three  equal  parts. 
At  third  signal,  carry  the  wand  back  to  sec- 
ond position  down  in  front. 

No.  I.   Raise  the  wand  to  chin  four  times, 
keeping  elbows  high,  last  time  carry  it  abov 
the  head,   then  bring  down  under  chin  foul 
times. 

No.  2.  Carry  wand    from  above  the   head 

21 


22  Light   Gj/mna sties. 

nearly  to  floor,  four  times,  without  bending 
knees  or  elbows,  then  clown  back  of  the  neck 
four  times. 

No.  3.  Carry  wand  from  above  the  head  to 
chin,  and  then  back  of  neck,  alternately  four 
times  each. 

No.  4.  Wand  over  head.  On  first  beat, 
carry  right  hand  to  right  end  of  wand,  on 
second  beat,  left  hand  to  left  end,  then  carry 
hand  back  of  head  to  hips,  six  times,  keeping 
elbows  stiff. 

No.  5.  Carry  wand  back  from  above  head 
down  nearly  to  floor  ;  and  then  back  to  hips, 
four  times,  alternately  four  times  each. 

No,  6.  Carry  wand  from  above  the  head  to 
right  and  left  sides  alternately  eight  times, 
keeping  elbows  stiff  and  stopping  exactly 
over  head  each  time. 

No.  7.  On  first  beat,  let  go  wand  with  left 
I  land,  place  end  of  wand  on  floor  between 
feet.  On  second  beat  place  wand  on  floor  at 
arms  length,  diagonally  forward  on  right 
side.      Ste[)  with   right  foot  to  wand  through 


Wa7ia  Exercises,  23 

rest  of  strain,  keeping  right  arm,  left  knee 
and  wand  perfectly  straight. 

No.  8.   Repeat  No.  7  on  left  side. 

No.  9.  Repeat  No.  7,  keeping  the  foot  sta- 
tionary, the  knee  bending  with  each  accented 
beat. 

No.  10.   Repeat  No.  9  on  left  side. 

No.  II.  Arms  horizontal  in  front,  wand 
held  perpendicularly,  bring  wand  back  to 
chest  eight  times  keeping  elbows  high. 

No.  12.  Wand  and  arms  in  same  position, 
bring  wand  to  right  and  left  shoulders  alter- 
nately, four  times  each.  In  passing  the 
wand  from  one  side  to  the  other,  raise  the 
arms  straight  to  a  horizontal  position  in  front. 

No.  13.  Hands  in  front  of  chest,  point 
wand  diagonally  forward  at  an  angle  of  forty- 
five  degrees,  first  to  the  right,  then  to  the  left 
alternately  through  strain,  making  the  change 
of  hands  just  in  front  of  chin. 

No.  14.  With  wand  pointing  in  the  same 
direction  as  in  last  exercise,  step  diagonally 
forward  with  right  and  left  foot  alternately 
throu£fh  strain. 


24  Light   Gymnastics. 

No.  15.  Repeat  No.  14,  only  step  back 
instead  of  forward,  leading  with  left  foot  in- 
stead of  right,  keeping  wand  pointing  for. 
ward. 

No.  16.  Wand  horizontal  over  head,  right 
hand  in  front,  reverse  position,  bringing  left 
hand  in  front,  on  half  time  through  strain. 

No.  17.  Same  position,  right  face,  bend 
forward  bringing  wand  to  perpendicular  on 
right  side,  four  times. 

No.  1 8.   Repeat  No.  17  on  left  side. 

No.  19.  Same  movement  from  side  to  side 
clianii^ing  wand  over  head. 

No.  20.  On  fust  beat,  put  left  end  of  wand 
on  floor  in  front  of  feet ;  on  second  beat,  carrv 
wand  at  arm's  lengtli  in  front,  charge  riglit 
foot  to  wand  twice,  left  four  times,  chang- 
ing hands  and  feet  at  same  time. 

No.  21.  Rigiit  foot  back  four  times,  riglil 
hand  on  wand,  same  with  left  hand  and  foot. 

No.  22.  Right  foot  foiward  axuX  back  four 
times,  left  tlie  same,  hohhng  wand  in  same 
position  as  last  exercise 


Wand  JExercises.  25 

No.  23.  Both  hands  on  wand  in  front, 
right  foot  forward,  left  back  at  the  same  time, 
reverse  and  repeat. 

No,  24.  Front  face,  place  the  wand  per- 
pendicularly in  front  of  right  shoulder,  left 
hand  up,  carry  to  front  of  left,  with  right 
hand  up  eight  times.  Then  carry  the  wand 
from  front  to  back  of  right,  then  from  back  of 
right  to  bacis:  of  left  eight  times.  On  the 
fourth  time  carry  from  back  of  right  to  front 
of  right  four  times. 

No.  25.  Wand  in  front  of  right  shoulder, 
carry  to  front  of  left,  then  back  of  left,  back 
of  right,  front  of  right,  repeat,  then  reverse. 

No.  26.  Wand  in  front  of  right  shoulder, 
carry  to  back  of  left  four  times,  then  front  of 
left  to  back  of  right  four  times. 

No.  27.  Right  face,  left  end  of  wand  on 
floor,  charge  right  foot  to  right  side,  then 
back,  cross  back  of  left  foot,  then  in  front  of 
left,  repeat  with  left  foot. 

No.  28.  Repeat  No.  27.  using  right  and 
left  foot  alternatelv- 


26  Lhjht  Gymyiastics. 

No.  29.  Front  face,  place  wand  in  front  of 
chest,  right  hand  down,  left  down  alternately 
eight  times.  Repeat  the  exercise  with  wand 
carried  down  behind  the  back. 

No.  30.  Step  diagonally  forward,  wand 
behind  the  back,  right  end  of  it  up  at  an 
angle  of  forty-five  degrees  ;  then  step  left  foot 
forward,  left  end  of  wand  up. 

No.  31.  Place  wand  horizontally  in  front, 
on  first  beat  carry  to  perpendicular  on  right 
side,  tlicn  to  left  through  the  strain. 

No.  33.  Carry  wand  horizontally  over 
head, down  in  front,  and  charge  with  wand 
same  as  31,  only  charge  through  strain  witli 
right  and  left  foot  alternately  through  the  strain. 

Caution. 
Always  select  a  wand  just  long  enougn  to 
reach  tlie  armpit  when  placed  on  the  floor  at 
one's  side.  All  exercises  from  behind  the  head 
or  ])ack  should  be  taken  with  caution,  and 
avoided  altogether  by  those  with  weak  backs. 

Music. 

Schottisclie  time  is  the  best,  but  slow 
marches  and   (juicksteps  cm   bo   used. 


RING  EXERCISES. 


These  exercises  are  performed  in  couples ; 
partners  facing  each  other  about  three  feet 
apart;  the  one  standing  on  right  of  teacher 
on  platform,  holding  both  rings. 

First  Series. 

No.  I.  On  first  beat  of  the  music,  tlie  ring 
in  right  hand  is  extended,  and  grasped  by 
partner's  right  hand,  Second  beat,  right  feet 
too^ether,  toes  touching^,  on  third  beat  left  feet 
back  at  risfht  ans^les  with  rio^ht  feet,  with  left 
hands  upon  the  hips.  Turn  the  ring  over 
half  way  and  then  baclv  to  place  through  rest 
of  strain,  keeping  perfect  time. 

No.  2..  Repeat  No.  i.  only  use  left  hand 
and  left  foot  instead  of  rieht. 


28  Liijht   Gy}nnastics. 

No.  3.  Repeat  No.  i,  only  first  join  both 
hands,  on  second  beat  right  feet  together, 
third  beat  step  back  as  before,  turn  rings 
tlirough  strain. 

No.  4.  Repeat  No.  3,  with  both  hands 
joined  and  left  feet  touching,  right  feet  back, 
turn  rings  through  strain. 

No.  5.  On  first  beat,  turn  back  to  back,  on 
second  beat  left  feet  together,  charge  directly 
forward  with  right  feet :  liead  and  shoulders 
well  thrown  back  pull  cxcnly  with  ]:)artner, 
and  turn  the  rings  througli  strain. 

No.  6.  Repeat  No.  5  with  right  feet  to- 
gether, left  out  in  front,  turn  rings  thiough 
strain. 

No.  7.  On  first  beat,  turn  face  to  face,  on 
second  beat  raise  arms  above  head,  then  lower 
rings  without  bending  knees,  looking  alter- 
nately to  right  and  left  of  partner  tln-ough 
strain. 

Xo.  8.  First  beat,  lift  arms  towards  plat- 
form, higli  up  at  side,  the  others  low  down  at 
the  opposite  side,  carry  them  alternately  up 


Ring  JExercises.  -J'J 

and  down  through  half  the  strain,  then  ])oll. 
together,  half  a  strain. 

No.  9.  First  beat,  turn  back  to  back,  sec- 
ond beat,  face  up  and  down  the  hall,  hands 
at  once  on  shoulders  thrust  up,  out  and  dowi:. 
twice  each. 

No.  10.  Same  position,  thrust  up,  out  and 
dowMi,  once  each,  then  repeat  till  strain  ends. 

No.  II.  First  beat,  step  back  to  position, 
second  beat,  turn  face  to  foce,  third  beat,  jout 
left  foot  inside  partner's  left,  left  knee  pressed 
against  partner's  left,  fourth  beat,  right  foot 
back,  long  step  at  right  angles  with  left. 
Your  own  right  hand  and  ring  against  your 
right  slioulder,  left  hand  against  partner's 
right.  Thrust  with  vigor  from  shoulder  to 
shoulder  through  strain. 

No.  12.  Repeat  No.  11.  with  right  feet 
together  instead  of  left,  position  of  hands 
reversed. 

No.  13.  First  beat,  turn  back  to  back, 
charge  diagonally  forward  with  right  and  left 
feet  alternatelv  throusfh  strain. 


30  Light  Gymnastics. 

No.  14.  First  beat,  turn  face  to  face,  place 
left  foot  inside  partner's  left,  short  step  back 
with  right  foot  at  right  angles  with  the  left. 
Rings  over  head  held  firmly,  arms  perfectly 
straight,  sway  alternately  through  the  strain. 

No.  15.  Repeat  No.  14,  with  right  feet 
together  instead  of  left. 

No.  16.  First  beat,  turn  back  to  back, 
charge  up  and  down  the  hall  alternately  twice 
each  ;  charge  with  right  feet  at  same  time, 
then  left  feet  at  same  time,  alternately  through 
rest  of  strain. 

No.  17.  First  beat,  turn  face  to  face,  re- 
peat No.  16. 

No.  1 8.  First  beat,  turn  back  to  back, 
raise  outside,  then  inside  arms  alternately, 
then  charge  on  fifth  beat  directly  forward ; 
raise  both  hands  rest  of  strain. 

No.  19.  First  beat,  face  up  and  down  the 
hall,  second  beat,  turn  face  to  face,  third  beat, 
spring  apart,  right  feet  pointing  toward  each 
other,  left  feel  back  a  short  ste):)  at  right  an- 
gles with  the  right  feet.      Right  hands  grasp- 


Ring  Exercises.  31 

ing  rings,  cliarge  with  rig) it  icct  to  right  of" 
partner,  stopping  each  time  suddenly  when 
back  to  position. 

No.  30.  Repeat  No.  19,  using  right  foot 
for  left,  right  hand  for  left. 

No.  31.  Repeat  No.  19,  holding  rings  in 
both  hands,  and  charging  right  and  left  alter- 
nately, right  foot  to  left  side,  left  foot  to  right 
side. 

No.  22.  First  beat,  approach  partner,  sec- 
ond beat,  turn  back  to  back,  third  beat,  face 
across  the  hall,  place  left  feet  together,  fourth 
beat,  step  out  with  right  foot,  touching  shoul- 
ders, swav  througii  the  strain. 

No.  23.  Repeat  No.  23,  using  right  for 
left,  and  left  for  right. 

No.  24.  First  beat,  turn  face  to  lace,  sec- 
ond l)cat.  face  up  and  down  the  hall,  swing 
up  outside  and  inside  arms  alternately  ;  turn 
face  and  body  each  time.  This  is  called  the 
mirror. 

No.  25.  First  beat,  turn  back  to  back, 
swing  over  outside  and  inside  arms  alter- 
nately twice,  each;  then  together  twice. 


32  JJyItt    G i/mnastics. 

No.  26.  First  l)cat,  turn  face  to  face,  with 
outside  arms,  second  beat,  back  to  back,  with 
outside  arms,  repeat  with  inside  arms. 

No.  37.  First  beat,  face  across  the  hall, 
turn  l)ack  to  back  ;  second  1)eat,  left  feet 
togrethcr,  third  beat,  swinq-  hands  over  head 
and  step  forward  with  right  foot,  bend  and 
straighten  ri'^ht  knees. 

No.  28.  Repeat  No.  27,  with  right  feet 
together  instead  of  left. 

No.  39.  First  beat,  turn  face  to  face,  step 
alternately  right  feet  diagonally  forward  to 
left  of  partner,  and  left  feet  to  right  of  part- 
ner through  strain. 

Qljartette  Exercises. 

Position  :  four  stand  together,  facing  each 
other,  and  at  arm's  lengtii.  Each  holds  a 
ring  in  her  right  hand. 

No.  I.  First  beat,  join  hands,  second  beat^ 
stej:)  to  the  centre  with  right  and  left  feet, 
alternately  raising  hands  high  through  strain. 

No.   2.    First  beat,   all  step  to  the   centre, 


Ring  Exercises.  33 

lifting  the  hands  high,  step  back  with  rigiit 
and  left  feet  alternately  through  strain,  carry- 
ing rings  down. 

No.  3.  Arms  lifted  and  held  llrmly,  skip 
througli  strain,  rdl  keeping  perfect  time  and 
leading  witli  right  feet. 

No.  4.  Outside  couple,  or  couple  farthest 
from  platform,  pass  under  the  raised  arms  of 
the  other  couple  ;  and  on  third  beat,  rings  on 
shoulders,  ail  thrust  at  same  time,  hands  up 
through  the  strain. 

No.  5.  The  four  standing  facing  ends  of 
hall  charge  up  and  down  the  hall,  lifting  rings, 
the  others  char^ze  directly  at  tlie  side  liftincr 
rings,  all  charge  together  diagonalh-  forward, 
first  wdth  right  then  with  left  foot,  then  repeat 
the  whole. 

No.  6.  Lift  hands  towards  ends  of  hall, 
then  lift  hands  towards  sides  of  liall.  Lift  all 
the  hands  twice.      Repeat  the  whole. 

No.  7.  Stamp  first  with  right  foot,  then 
with  left,  charge  diagonally  forward  with 
right  foot,  hands  held  high  oyer  head,  sway 
during  strain.  Repeat  stamping  first  with 
left  foot. 


34  lAijlit   Gymnastics. 

Caution. 

In  all  exercises,  turning  back  to  back,  l>c 
careful  aiid  not  pull  suddenly,  and  never  let 
g-Q  the  ring  before  the  word  is  given. 

Always  stand  at  such  a  distance  from  next 
couple  that  there  can  be  no  hitting  of  rings. 

The  rip.gs  should  always  be  strongly  made, 
and  about  six  inches  in  diameter. 

Music. 
The  simplest  of  Strauss's  waltzes  must  be 
used,  or  those  of  other  composers  similar  in 
style. 


DUMB-BELLS. 


Position  :  Heels  together,  hips  and  shoul- 
ders back,  bells  down  at  sides.  One-half  of 
each  strain  of  music  is  given  to  the  exercise, 
the  other  half  to  what  is  called  '•  the  a.ttitude." 
In  taking  these  attitudes  the  bells  are  brought 
first  to  the  chest ;  then,  unless  otherwise 
specified,   placed  upon  the  hips. 

No.  I.  Hands  down  at  sides,  palms  in 
front,  turn  bells  four  times,  bringing  them  to 
chest  on  fourth  accented  beat. 

Attitude:  vStep  diagonally  forward  \\  ith 
riglit  foot,  carrying  hands  to  hips,  looking 
over  right  shoulder. 

No.  2.  Elbows  at  sides,  turn  bells  just 
half-way  round  four  times. 

Attitude:  Step  diagonaih-  forward  with 
left  foot,  looking  over  left  slioulder- 


36  JJght  Gymnastics. 

No.  3.  Arms  extended  at  sides,  turn  bells 
four  times. 

Attitude:  Step  diagonally  back  with  right 
foot,  looking  over  right  slioulder. 

No.  4.  Arms  extended  over  head,  palms 
in  front,  turn  bells  four  times. 

Attitude:  Step  diagonally  back  v^ith  leff 
foot,  looking  over  left  shoulder. 

No.  5.  Bells  far  back  on  chest,  thrust 
l^oth  down,  out  <it  sides,  up,  and  out  in 
front. 

Attitude:  Turn  to  the  right,  throw  arms 
up  at  side  without  bending  the  knees.  The 
bells  in  this  attitude  should  be  exactly  hori- 
zontal and  parallel. 

No.  6.  Repeat  No.  5,  turning  to  the  left 
and  throwing  the  arms  up  on  left  side. 

Attitude:   Repeat  attitude  No.  5. 

No.  7.  Drop  bells  at  sides,  right  hand  up 
to  armpit  once,  left  once,  together  twice. 

Attitude:  Drop  to  sitting  positi(jn,  l)ells 
touching  the  lloor,  rest  through  tiie  remainder 
of  the  strain 


Dumh-IMU.  7i: 

No.  8.  Bells  on  shoulders,  thrust  each  vp 
once,  both  together  twice. 

Attitude:  Rise  on  toes,  jDalms  forwat'd, 
bells  parallel. 

No.  9.  Arms  extended  in  fnjnt,  turn  four 
times. 

Attitude:  Step  diagonally  forward  \vith 
right  foot,  right  hand  on  hip,  looking  back 
at  left  bell,  which  is  extended  in  left  hand. 

No.  10.  Arms  extended  sideways  at  an 
ansfle  of  fortv-five  desrrees,  turn  bells  fojr 
times. 

Attitude:  Step  forward  with  left  fo(,t, 
left  hand  on  hip,  looking  back  at  riglit  be  (1, 
which  is  extended  in  j-ight  liand. 

No.  II.  Bells  on  chest,  right  h.and  dow  n, 
then  up,  left  hand  the  same. 

Attitude:  Turn  b.ody  to  riglit-  thrust  right 
hand  obliquely  up,  palm  up  ;  left  liand  ob- 
liquely down,  palm  down. 

No.  12.  Bells  on  cliest.  right  hand  up. 
left  down  ;  reverse,  then  botli  do\\P..  both  up. 

Attitude:  Turn  to  left,  th.rust  hantls  up 
and  do\\n  as  in  Xo.   1  i. 


38  Light   Gymnastics. 

No.  13.  Arms  extended  in  front,  palms 
opposite,  right  hand  up  once,  left  the  same, 
both  together  up  twice. 

This  should  be  done  without  bending  the 
elbows. 

Attitude :  Step  diagonally  forward  with 
right  foot,  the  l^ody  and  head  thrown  for- 
ward,  and   arms   throw^n  wide  apart. 

No.  14.     Repeat  No.  13. 

Attitude:  Repeat  attitude  No.  13  on  the 
left  side. 

No.  15.  Arms  extended  at  sides,  right 
arm  up  once,  left  once,  both  twice,  without 
l^cnding  the  knees. 

Attitude:  vStep  diagonally  back  with  riglit 
foot,  right  liand  up,  with  bell  perpendicular, 
left  hand  on  hip. 

No.   16.     Repeat  No.  15. 

Attitude :  Repeat  attitude  on  left  side. 

No.  17.  Arms  extended,  with  bells  par- 
allel in  fi^ont,  bring  the  bells  back  forcibly 
upon  the  chest  four  times. 

Attitude :  Fold  the  arms  with  bells  closely 
pressed    against    tlic    chest,    and    bend     back, 
slowl\-  from  the  waist. 


Dumh-BelU.  89 

Sfxoxd  Series. 

In  this  series  tlie  attitudes  precede  the  ex- 
ercises. 

Position :  Same  as  in  tlie  th'st  exercise, 
with  bells  down  at  sides. 

Attitude  Xo.  I.  vStamp  left  foot,  then 
right,  step  out  at  right  side  with  right  foot, 
right  ai'm  obliquely  up,  left  arm  obliquely 
down,  both  palms  down,  sway.  Repeat  on 
left  side,  four  beats  on  each  side. 

Exercise.  Bells  down  at  sides,  swing 
right  bell  \\^  to  perpendicular  over  head 
twice,  left  bell  twice,  alternately  twice,  both 
together  twice. 

Xo.  2.  Stamp  as  before,  first  left  foot  then 
right ;  step  to  right,  with  right  arm  lifted 
a  little  above  the  shoulder,  the  bell  perpen- 
dicular, left  on  shoulder.    Repeat  on  left  side. 

Exercise.  Bells  down  at  sides,  swing 
right  bell  sideways  up  to  perpendicular  over 
head  twice,  left  bell  twice,  alternately  twice. 

Xo.  3.  Stamp  left  foot,  then  right,  step 
with  right  foot  to  right  side,  carry  both  bells 
over  head,  sway  twice.      Repeat  on  left  side. 


40  Light   Gymnastics. 

Exercise.  Hands  down  in  front  of  knees, 
with  fingers  clasping  bells  together,  describe 
circle  over  head  from  right  to  left  and  from 
left  to  right,  alternately,  separate  hands  over 
head  on  last  beat. 

No.  4.  Stamp  left  foot,  then  right,  long 
diagonal  charge,  as  it  is  called,  on  the  right 
side,  bells  thrust  forward  from  shoulders, 
twice  through  half  strain  of  music.  Repeat 
on  left  side. 

Exercise.  Elbows  high,  and  bells  under 
the  chin.  Thrust  elbows  back  through  whole 
of  strain. 

No.  5.  Stamp  left  foot,  then  right,  take 
short  step  diagonally  forw^ard  with  right  foot, 
thrust  bells  up,  then  down,  stopping  on  line 
with  shoulders,  then  nearly  to  the  floor.  Re- 
peat on  left  side. 

Exercise.  Horizontal  sweep  with  arms, 
carrying  bells  from  just  in  front  to  side,  stop- 
ping on  line  with  shoulders. 

No.  6.  vShort  diagonal  charge,  stepping  out 
on  right  side,  thrusting  bells  up  and  back  twice 
from  the  shoulders.     Repeat  on  left  side. 


Dumh-Bells.  41 

Exercise.  Thrust  both  bells  up  on  right 
S:de.  then  on  kit,  without  moving  the  teet 
through  whole  of  the  strain. 

Ao.  7.  Short  diagonal  charge,  stepping 
back  on  right  side,  thrust  bells  up  twice 
frorr.  shoulders.     Repeat  on  left  side. 

Exo'cisc.  Bells  on  chest,  thrust  left  hand 
forward,  then  right,  alternately  through  the 
strain. 

Xo.  S.  Long  side  charge,  stamp  left,  then 
right,  step  directly  to  right,  with  right  bell  on 
hip,  left  down  at  side,  swing  left  up  to  side  of 
head  on  fifth  beat,  turning  the  hand  over  on 
its  way  up  to  position.      Repeat  on  left  side. 

Exercise.  Right  iiand  following  left  in 
the  order  of  No.  14,  third  series  Free  Gym- 
nastics. 

Xo.  9.  Stamp  three  times  witli  left  foot, 
stepping  diagonally  forward  with  each  stamp, 
looking  back  at  the  same  time,  twisting  the 
right  bell,  with  right  arm  thrust  up  and  back. 
Repeat  on  left  side. 

Exercise.  Step  diagonally  forward  with 
right  and  left  feet  alternately,  arms  extended. 


42  Light  Gymnastics. 

as  ill  last  attitude,  then  step  at  right  side,  and 
left  arms  extended  obliquely  as  in"  No.  i, 
two  beats.  Repeat  the  step  with  arms  as  in 
No.  3,  two  beats. 

No.  10.  Bells  on  shoulders,  thrust  right 
out,  palm  up,  twice,  left  twice,  alternately 
twice,  both  together  twice. 

Exercise.  Bring  bells  from  shoulders  to 
chest,  thrust  directly  forward,  raise  over  head, 
back  to  first  position,  then  nearly  touch  the 
floor.     Repeat  the  whole. 

No.  II.  This  is  called  French,  or  small- 
sword exercise  :  Stamp  left  foot,  then  right, 
tl?cn  mark  time  two  beats  with  right  foot, 
stamp  twice  out  at  side  with  same,  right  arm 
extended,  left  arm  curved  over  the  head,  bell 
down. 

No.  12.      Repeat  on  left  side. 

Anvil  Chorus. 

First  position  :  Left  arm  extended  in  front, 
riglit  IjcH  back  of  head  on  shoulder. 

No.  I.  vStrike  left  bell  down  with  the 
right,  exactly  reversing  tlieir  positions,  repeat 


Dumb-Bells.  43 

the  movement  with  left  bell,  swing  right  bell, 
striking  left  bell  from  under,  instead  of  over. 
This  occupies  four  beats. 

No.  3.  Step  diagonally  forward  with  right 
and  left  feet  alternately,  striking  bells  over 
head. 

No.  3.     Repeat  No.  i. 

No.  4.  Repeat  No.  3,  only  stepping  diag- 
onally backward  instead  of  forward,  alter- 
nately through  the  strain. 

No.  5.     Repeat  No.  i. 

No.  6.  Swing  bells  to  the  front  with  arms 
extended,  strike  once  in  front,  once  back  of 
the  body,  once  over  head  ;  repeat,  then  strike 
once  over  head,  and  once  more  behind  the 
back.     Bring  bells  back  to  first  position. 

No.  7.     Repeat  No.  i. 

No.  8.  Arms  extended,  strike  bells  first 
on  one  end,  then  on  the  other  alternately 
through  the  strain,  lifting  the  bells  slowly 
with  each  stroke  until  on  the  last  they  are  on 
a  level  with  the  eyes. 

No.  9.     Repeat  No.  i. 


44  Li'j/tt    (ji !^/})ui<u;Ucii. 

No.  lo.  Step  out  directly  at  right  side, 
bending  right  and  left  knees  alternately. 
While  swaying  thus,  strike  left  bell  on  right 
which  is  extended  in  the  right  hand. 

No.  II.     Repeat  No.  i. 

No.  12.      Repeat  No.  lo,  on  left  side. 

No.  13.     Repeat  No.  i. 

No.  14.  Take  a  short  step  diagonally  for- 
ward with  the  right  foot,  place  the  left  bell  on 
right  knee,  and  while  swaying  as  in  No.  10, 
strike  bell  on  knee  with  right  bell,  carrying 
the  latter  in  a  complete  circle. 

No.  15.     Repeat  No.  i. 

No.  16.     Repeat  No.  14  on  left  side. 

Double  Anvil  Chorus. 

Stand  in  two  lines  facing  partner,  take 
Exercise  No.  i,  striking  ])artner's  bell  each 
time  ;  then  charge  with  right  foot .  each, 
through  the  strain,  anvil  part  of  No.  i,  again 
charge  on  the  left,  anvil  ]^iu\..  striking  bell 
on  partner's  left  knee,  again  the  one  on 
right    knee ;    anvil   part   again.      Now   strike 


Dumb-Bells.  45 


re- 


partner's  bell  extended  in  her  left  hand 
peat  on  bell  of  left  hand  neighbor's  bell 
extended  in  her  right  hand.  Repeat  last  ex 
ercise  of  single  anvil  chorus. 


'&' 


Caution. 

vStcp  carefully  but  quickly  to  all  the  atti- 
tudes. 

Rest  oftener  than  in  the  other  exercises. 

Use  too  light  rather  than  too  heavy  dumb- 
bells. 

Music. 
Old-fashioned  waltzes  like  the  "Boston 
Dip  "  are  best  for  these  exercises.  Scotch 
airs,  and  airs  from  popular  operas  in  this 
time  can  easily  be  adapted  by  a  skilful  musi- 
cian. For  the  Anvil  Chorus  the  air  from  the 
opera  of  ''II  Trovatore "  called  ''Anvil 
Chorus  "  is  used. 


^TATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL 


i 


PERCUSSION. 


This  exercise  has  special  value  for  those 
who  are  not  vigorous,  and  for  all  at  the  close 
of  a  lesson,  as  it  aids  greatly  in  giving  a  gen- 
eral glow  to  the  system,  and  will  prevent 
lamc^ness  afterward.  ^Vh^.t  timid  beginners 
fear  to  be  actual  injury  is  often  notiiing  but 
muscular  soreness,  which  may  be  wholly 
removed  by  a  little  ]:;risk  percussion,  or  rub- 
bing the  parts  allected  with  a  coarse  towel  or 
a  brush. 

I  do  not  give  tiiis  exercise,  however,  any 
prominence  for  use  in  large  classes,  as  it  is 
alm(>»st  impi)ssil)le,  from  the  n;.Une  ol  the  ex- 
ercise, to  preserve  order  or  regularity.  The 
sound  of  so  many  hands  drowns  not  only  the 
teacher's  voice  but  the  music  itself. 


I 


Percussion.  47 

The  following  order  suggests  what  may  be 
used  with  profit  by  moderate-sized  classes, 
and  by  single  individuals  :  — 

Position :  Couples  stand  facing  the  same 
way,  the  one  in  front  bending  slightly  for- 
ward with  arms  folded  for  the  first  exercise, 
keeping  perfectly  erect  in  all  the  others. 
Partner  stands  ready  to  begin  on  first  beat  of 
the  music. 

No.  I.  Percuss  the  shoulders  quickly,  then 
reverse  the  position  and  repeat. 

No.  3.  Percuss  the  small  of  the  back. 
Reverse,  and  repeat. 

No.  3.  Percuss  right  side,  under  uplifted 
arm.     Reverse,  and  repeat. 

No.  4.  Percuss  left  side.  Reverse,  and 
repeat. 

No.  5.  Percuss  both  sides.  Reverse,  and 
repeat. 

No.  6.  Percuss  extended  right  arm,  which 
is  constantly  turned  from  right  to  left.  Re- 
verse, and  repeat. 

No.  7.  Percuss  extended  left  arm.  Re- 
verse, and  repeat. 


48  Light   Gymnastics. 

No.  8.  Percuss  both  arms.  Reverse,  and 
repeat. 

No.  9.  Percuss  chest,  not  too  vigorously. 
Reverse,  and  repeat. 

Cautions. 

Avoid  changing  position  in  the  Hne,  and 
keep  perfect  time.  Percuss  gently  at  first, 
and  always  alternating  the  blows;  viz.,  one 
hand,  the  left,  following  the  right.  Never 
use  the  hands  simultaneously. 

Music:  Jigs  must  always  be  used,  but 
played  only  moderately  fast. 


MUTUAL    HELP    EXERCISES. 


\ 


These,  like  percussion,  are  not  particularly 
desirable  for  large  classes,  but  are  valuable  as 
atTording  comjolete  change,  and  they  can  also 
be  performed  without  the  aid  of  music. 

Position :  The  class  by  threes  all  stand 
facing  the  teacher,  with  heels  together  and 
hands  down  at  sides. 

No.  I.  The  one  in  middle  steps  fonvard, 
with  arms  down  at  sides,  hands  firmly  closed, 
and  draws  them  slowly  up  to  armpits,  while 
tliose  at  sides  with  hands  on  wrist  and  shoul- 
ders resist  forcibly. 

No.  2.  Middle  one  steps  back,  arms  ex- 
tended in  front,  draws  them  back  to  chest, 
then  thrust  them  out  again,  the  others  resist- 
ing as  before. 


50  Light   Gymnastics. 

No.  3.  Middle  one  forward,  arms  thrust 
up,  bring  slowly  back  to  shoulders,  and  thrust 
up  again,  others  resisting. 

No.  4.  Middle  one  forward,  arms  thrust 
out  at  sides,  bend  forearm  w^hile  others  resist. 

No.  5.  Middle  one  forward,  arms  ex- 
tended in  front,  carry  back  to  horizontal  at 
sides,  while  others  resist. 

No.  6.  Middle  one  forward,  arms  thrust 
up,  then  carry  to  position  in  front ;  others  re- 
sist. 

No.  7.  Middle  one  forward,  arms  down 
at  sides,  those  on  right  and  left  clasp  hands 
back  of  middle  one's  neck,  who  is  slowly 
lowered  without  bending  the  knees. 

No.  8.  Middle  one  forward,  arms  down 
at  sides,  those  on  right  and  left  seize  hand 
and  wrist  of  middle  one,  who  slowly  arches 
body  forward  and  back. 

No.  9.  Middle  one  forward,  arms  down 
at  sides,  those  at  right  and  left  seize  hands 
and  armpit  while  middle  one  sits  down,  then 
change  hands  to  top  of  shoulder  while  middle 
one  slowly  rises,  resisting  as  before. 


Mutual  Help  Exercises.  51 

No.  lo.  Middle  one  bend  forward,  arms 
folded,  while  the  others  jDercuss  shoulders  and 
back. 

No.  II.  Middle  one  forward  while  the 
others  percuss  both  arms,  which  are  con- 
stantly turned.  Let  those  on  right  and  left 
in  turn,  change  with  middle  one,  and  repeat 
the  above  exercises. 

Caution. 
Stand  firmly,  and  be  careful  not  to  let  the 
hands  slip,  as  there  is  danger  of  the  middle 
one's  falling  in  exercise  No.  7.  The  only 
music  required  is  signals,  like  those  used  at 
the  beginning  of  the  wand  exercises. 


BEAN-BAGS. 


These  bags  are  made  of  stout  bed-ticking, 
about  ten  inches  square,  and  two-thirds  filled 
with  beans.  They  should  always  be  kept 
away  from  the  dust  as  much  as  possible. 

If  these  exercises  are  to  be  performed  by 
couples,  partners  should  stand  facing  each 
other,  about  six  feet  apart.  Throw  the  bag 
to  partner  from  chest  with  l^oth  hands,  from 
chest  with  right  liand,  then  with  left.  From- 
behind  the  head  with  both  hands,  then  with 
right  and  left.  Bag  behind  the  back,  throw 
with  both  liands,  with  right,  with  left.  Stand 
l)ack  to  back,  throw  bag  over  head  with  both 
hands,  with  right,  with  left.  Take  two  bags, 
throw  them  with  right  and  catch  them  with 
left.     Throw  tliem  witli  left  and  catch  them 


Bean-Baf/s.  53 

with  right.  Throw  them  with  hoth  and  catch 
them  with  both  hands. 

Same  exercises  can  be  taken  with  three  oi 
more  bags  as  the  skill  increases. 

Vary  the  exercises  by  taking  them  in  quar> 
tettes,  standing  a  greater  distance  apart. 
Stand  again  in  two  rows  down  the  hall,  six 
feet  apart  and  facing  each  other.  Starting  at 
the  head  with  a  bag  in  each  leader's  hand,  let 
it  be  thrown  to  every  other  one  till  all  have 
.  caught  it,  when  it  must  be  returned  in  same 
manner. 

The  leader  getting  bag  first  on  return  trip 
should  hold  up  bag  as  signal  of  victory. 
Stand  in  same  rows,  but  face  up  the  hall, 
then  pass  bag  over  head  to  next  one  in  line, 
and  so  on  to  the  last,  and  back  the  same  wny. 
Any  number  of  bags  can  be  used  in  this 
manner. 


MARCHING. 


Tins  is  the  most  fascinating  form  of  all 
gymnastic  work  ;  and  with  bright,  interested 
leaders,  an  almost  endless  variety  of  exercises 
can  be  improvised  be3'ond  those  I  shall  here 
describe.  I  can  safely  say  that  I  alone  have 
added  a  hundred  changes  to  the  first  simple 
exercises,  which  I  practised  at  school. 

As  many  as  practicaljle  will  be  given,  but 
some  are  so  intricate  as  to  defy  description, 
and  can  only  be  appreciated  by  being  seen. 

Dancing  steps  of  all  kinds,  and  figures 
from  quadrilles  and  the  German  can  be  in- 
troduced with  beautiful  cflcct. 

Position  in  Marching. 
In    single    file    marches,   hands    should    be 
placed  on  tiic  hips,  witli  thumbs  turned  back, 


Marching,  55 

head,  shoulders  and  hips  well  back,  chin 
down,  and  feet  turned  slightly  out.  In  order 
to  cultivate  an  erect  and  graceful  carriage  in 
walking,  as  well  as  in  marching,  too  much 
attention  cannot  be  paid  to  these  directions. 
Throw  the  foot  outward,  and  always  rest  first 
upon  the  toes  more  than  on  other  parts  of  the 
foot.  Those  who  are  inclined  to  turn  one,  or 
both  feet  in,  can  often  overcome  this  habit 
bv  taking  great  pains  during  the  gymnastic 
march.  Never  drag  the  feet,  nor  carry  the 
hips  forward,  and  always  keep  perfect  time 
with  the  music.  Good  leaders  should  only 
be  allowed  to  assist,  as  apart  from  the  music, 
the  success  of  the  march  depends  upon  their 
skill,  self-possession,  and  above  all,  ability  to 
keep  those  of  the  class  wanting  in  time,  in 
perfect  step  with  the  music.  The  position  of 
the  one  at  the  rear  is  nearly  as  important  as 
the  leader ;  for  upon  her  devolves  also  the 
duty  of  keeping  the  class  in  good  order,  and 
allowing  no  laggards  to  fall  out  of  step  or 
line. 


56  Light  Gymnastics. 

Some  of  the  principal  stejos  require  a  de- 
scription at  first,  as  they  are  the  foundation  of 
all  the  figures  used  in  marching. 

Leaping  is  running,  only  the  steps  are 
shorter,  the  knees  more  bent,  and  the  weight 
thrown  chiefly  upon  the  toes. 

Skipping  is  sliding  one  foot  before  the 
other,  the  leading  foot  pointing  in  the  direc- 
tion about  to  be  taken,  and  the  other  foot 
nearly  at  right  angles  with  it. 

The  sho7't  side  step  consists  of  hopping 
twice  upon  the  left  foot  carried  diagonally  to 
the  left,  then  twice  upon  the  right,  out  at 
right  side. 

The  long  side  step.  This  is  more  difficult, 
and  the  left  foot  leads  as  before,  but  closely 
followed  by  the  right  foot  just  behind  it ;  then 
hop  twice  on  the  left.  Now  carry  the  right 
foot  to  the  right,  left  behind  it,  then  hop  twice 
on  the  right.  Rather  long  steps,  almost,  at 
the  side  are  necessary. 

Short  front  step.  This  is  like  the  short 
side  step,  only   hopping   twice   on  left,  then 


Marching.  57 

twice  on  right,  just  in  front  instead  of  at  the 
side.  The  waltz  step,  heel  and  toe  polka, 
the  racquet,  the  Evangeline  quickstep,  two  or 
three  twisted  steps,  which  cannot  here  be 
described,  must  all  be  taken  if  in  the  double 
march  in  one  way.  Hands  may  be  crossed 
in  front,  or  they  may  rest  upon  the  shoulders 
of  partners  or  neighbors ;  but  the  leaping 
step  must  always  be  performed  with  hands 
closely  clasped  and  lifted  high. 

In  pttshiug^  partners  clasp  hands,  step 
four  feet  apart,  and  with  unoccupied  hand  on 
hip  push  steadily,  and  march  slowly  in  line 
to  the  foot  of  the  hall. 

Pullitig  differs  only  in  starting  with  feet 
near  together,  hands  tightly  clasped,  and  pull- 
ing with  full  and  equal  strength  down  the 
hall.  In  all  other  double  exercises  it  is  right 
to  have  partners  separate  in  front  of  platform, 
and  each  leader  turning  square  corners,  lead 
each  line  in  single-file  order  up  the  side  to 
upper  centre,  where  partners  again  join.  But 
in  pushing  and  pulling,   the  one  marching  on 


58  Light  Gymnastics. 

left  crosses  before  her  partner  so  as  to  take,  at 
the  other  end  of  liall,  the  same  exercise  with 
the  other  hand.  The  easiest  of  all  marches 
comes  first,  for  a  description. 

The  Single  File  March. 

As  the  name  indicates,  all  the  following 
changes  are  to  be  performed  by  the  class, 
led  by  the  teacher,  or  some  competent  leader, 
in  single  file  order. 

First,  march  up,  down,  and  across  the  hall 
with  shoulders  and  hips  thrown  back,  and 
hands  on  hips.  This  position  of  the  hands 
is  to  give  uniformity  in  appearance,  and  to 
aid  in  expanding  the  cliest,  and  should  be 
carefully  avoided  except  while  marching. 
Take  two  or  three  turns  about  the  hall  to 
enable  all  to  get  into  good  position  in  the 
line,  about  two  feet  apart,  and  also  in  step 
witli  tlie  music.  Cross  tlic  hall  from  side  to 
side,  six  or  eight  times,  beginning  at  upper 
end  of  hall  and  ending  close  by  platform. 
Cross  the  hall  diagonally  ;  repeat  on  the  other 


Marching.  59 

side.  Turn,  and  march  down  the  centre, 
rising  on  tips  of  toes',  again  down  centre  on 
the  heeis  ;  again  half  way  down  on  right  heel 
and  left  toe  ;  the  other  half  on  left  toe  and 
right  heel.  March  up  right  side  of  hall  with 
body  inclined  to  right,  for  half  a  dozen  steps ; 
change  to  the  left  for  the  same  time.  March, 
bending  the  body  forward,  then  bend  it  back. 
March  down  centre  without  bending  knees ; 
again  bending  knees,  and  keeping  the  body 
perfectly  erect.  Take  the  centre  of  hall  again, 
and  march  half  way  down,  bending  to  right, 
with  left  hand  behind  the  head,  the  rest  of 
the  way  reverse  the  position.  Now  march 
with  toes  turned  out  as  far  as  possible, 
change,  and  turn  the  toes  in.  Exaggerate 
these  exercises,  as  they  employ  unused  mus- 
cles very  advantageously. 

Form  large  circle  by  joining  hands  ;  all  skip 
to  right,  then  to  left :  march  to  right,  then  to 
left ;  leap  to  right,  then  to  left.  All  stand,  then 
rise  upon  the  toes  at  first  beat  of  music,  and 
sit  down  on  the  heels  on  the  second.     Vary 


60  Light  Gy7nnastics, 

this  exercise,  if  the  class  is  a  large  one,  by 
forming  four  circles,  one  within  the  other, 
one  leader  standing  alone  in  centre.  Then  re- 
peat the  rising  and  sitting  exercises  just  per- 
formed in  large  circles,  only  every  other  circle 
rise  while  the  other  sits.  Every  other  circle 
skip,  while  the  others  leap ;  then  half  march 
one  way  while  half  leap  the  other ;  or  one 
half  leap,  while  the  other  skips.  All,  while 
in  this  position,  stand  still  for  a  moment,  then 
stamp  alternately  left  and  right  feet  with  the 
music,  and  march  evenly  to  centre.  Stamp 
again,  and  all  retreat  evenly  until  extended 
in  former  position  in  the  circles.  Lift  hands 
high,  and  all  leap  to  the  centre,  then  all 
march  softly  to  centre,  and  back  to  place. 
Break  the  circles,  and  with  leader  at  head 
form  again  in  single  file,  and  march  half  way 
round  the  hall  witli  arms  clasped  behind  the 
back,  then  behind  the  head  the  other  half  of 
distance.  Change  to  the  centre  of  hall,  leap 
down  in  single  file,  of  course,  and  again  with 
longer  steps.     Again  with  short  or  long  side 


I 


Marching.  61 

step.  The  heel  and  toe  polka,  waltz  step, 
and  otlier  dancing  steps  can  be  at  any  time 
introduced,  always  remembering  to  put  an 
easy  step  or  exercise  between  the  difficult 
ones. 

Wind  the  class  up  in  what  is  called  a 
"  Labyrinth,"  which  is  marching  in  slowly 
diminishing  circles  till  the  leader  reaches  the 
centre,  when  she  makes  a  short  turn,  retrac- 
ing her  steps,  closely  follow^ed  by  the  whole 
class.  Each  person  must  keep  two  feet  from 
the  one  in  front,  and  avoid  contact  with  any. 

Another  pretty  change  is  to  cross  the  up- 
per end  of  hall,  marching,  turn,  cross,  leap- 
ing, next  march,  next  skip,  next  march,  and 
so  on  until  the  foot  of  the  hall  is  reached. 
March  for  a  short  time  down  the  hall  with 
both  hands  on  shoulders  of  one  in  front. 
Repeat,  taking  leaping,  short  and  long  side 
steps.  The  latter  step  is  particularly  pretty, 
taken  in  this  way.  While  the  hands  are  still 
resting  on  shoulders  various  turns  and  curves 
about  the  hall  may  be  taken,  with  quite  re- 


62  Light  Gymnastics. 

markable  effect ;  and  a  capital  exercise,  while 
hands  are  in  same  position,  is  to  keep  very 
close  together,  and  march  after  the  style  of 
convicts  in  the  prison-yards.  This  will  do 
more  to  give  an  idea  of  step  and  time  than 
any  other  exercise.  Vary,  by  taking  a  long 
step  diagonally  to  right,  another  to  left,  keep- 
ing perfect  step  and  time  with  the  music. 

Regular  or  Double  March. 

For  this  march  partners  should  be  chosen 
with  regard  to  equal  si/e  and  strength  ;  and 
in  forming  pains  should  be  taken  to  place  the 
tallest  and  strongest  at  the  head. 

It  is  well  to  begin  by  marching  arm  in  arm 
once  around  the  hall ;  then  stopping  for  a  mo- 
ment at  the  upper  end,  join  hands  and  begin 
with  any  of  tlie  simpler  exercises,  such  as 
skipping  slowly  down  tlie  centre,  separating, 
and  marching  up  the  sides  in  single-fde  order, 
where  partners  again  meet. 

Take  in  turn  leaping,  pushing  with  both 
left   and    right    hands,    leaping   with    longer 


Marching.  03 

steps,  pulling  with  both  left  and  right  hands  ; 
then  the  side  steps,  both  short  and  long,  and 
two  or  three  of  the  dancing  steps  that  are  now 
understood  by  nearly  all  young  ladies  in 
school.  Many  easy  changes  with  the  skip- 
ping step  can  be  introduced  between  the 
more  ditiicult  exercises ;  as  for  instance,  skip- 
ping down  the  hall  face  to  face  with  partner, 
four  feet  apart ;  again,  and  clap  hands  in  time 
with  the  music  ;  again,  skippiiig  four  steps 
face  to  face  w  ith  partner,  tiien  reversing  four 
steps,  and  so  on  to  the  end  of  the  hall.  Skip 
down  the  hall  shoulder  to  shoulder  wuth  part- 
ner ;  skip  with  the  hands  in  front  lowered,  the 
other  h'lr.ds  llUed. 

Still  another  way  :  start  shoulder  to  shoul- 
der, skip  diagonally  to  the  right  four  steps, 
then  to  the  left  four  steps,  meeting  partner, 
or  skip  in  different  directiop.s  at  the  same 
time  four  steps  and  turn,  then  skipping  four 
8teps  toward  partner,  joining  on  the  fifth. 

After  leaving  partner  at  foot  of  the  hall, 
always  turn  square  corners,  and  keep  the  line 


64  Light   Gi/mnastics. 

on  the  side  in  perfect  order.  The  diagonal 
figure  is  formed  by  stopping  at  the  upper 
corner  of  hall,  then  marching  to  the  centre, 
where  partners  touch  shoulders,  separate,  and 
again  march  diagonally  to  opposite  corners. 
This  may  be  repeated,  and  instead  of  touch- 
ing shoulders  on  meeting,  each  one  passes  in 
front  of  her  partner,  and  marches  on  as 
before.  This  is  a  figure  that  can  be  made 
even  more  attractive  by  being  performed  by 
couples  instead  of  singly. 

March  down  centre  of  hall,  and  at  the  foot 
both  leaders  tmn  to  the  right,  the  next  couple 
to  the  left,  and  so  on,  every  other  couple  fol- 
lowing the  leaders  to  the  right.  Meet  at  the 
head  of  hall,  and  march  down  four  abreast, 
keeping  pc'fect  step  and  time,  and  a  straight 
line  must  always,  be  preserved.  Next  time 
leap  four  abreast,  with  hands  lifted,  and  head 
and  shouLlcrs  well  back.  Again,  skip  by 
fours,  joining  the  two  hands  in  front  down 
low,  and  the  other  hands  very  iiigh.  March 
with   hands  clasped  and  arms  extended  at  full 


Marchin;/.  65 

length.  This  is  a  very  simple  but  eflective 
exercise,  and  a  restful  one. 

Next,  take  the  side  step  by  fours,  and  in 
this  exercise  better  support  can  be  given  by 
placing  hands  on  shoulders.  The  long  side 
step  should  also  be  taken  this  way,  and  taken 
alternately  by  fours,  the  first  four  leading  to 
the  right, 

It  is  well,  while  taking  steps  four  and  eight 
abreast,  to  reverse  at  foot  of  the  hall,  and 
march  back,  reverse  again  at  the  head  of 
hall. 

Other  exercises  that  can  be  taken  by 
couples,  are  the  following:  Leap  backward, 
march  backward,  lifting  clasped  hands  very 
high,  and  taking  care  not  to  step  on  the  feet 
of  those  before.  Join  right  hands,  one  skip 
while  the  other  leaps. 

March  at  arm's  length,  march  witli  hands 
lifted  high,  then  return  under  the  uplifted 
arms,  or  turn  and  march  up  the  hall  close  be- 
hind the  line,  and  leap  down  the  centre. 
When  marching  four  abreast  a  pretty  figure 


66  Light   G (J ui nasties. 

is  formed  by  wheeling  by  twos  at  the  foot  oi 
the  hall,  marching  up  close  behind  the  line 
to  the  upper  end,  where  all  turn  face  to  face, 
and  at  the  same  time  f^xce  across  the  hall, 
about  four  feet  apart.  All  join  hands,  stamp, 
and  march  to  the  centre,  where  four  from  the 
head  of  inner  line  join  hands,  and  skip  by 
twos  down  between  the  lines.  Meanwhile 
all  stamp  and  approach  ■^gain,  and  four  more 
<go  down  the  centre.  Repeat  till  all  from  in- 
side are  back  in  position  just  behind  their 
partners.  Repeat,  stamping  and  approaching 
four  steps,  while  the  other  line  skips  down 
the  centre  by  twos.  Lead  off  from  the  top  by 
twos,  and  march  slowly  round  the  hall  to 
rest. 

The  old  dance  called  Sicilian  circle,  can  be 
introduced  for  sake  of  variety,  and  the  order 
is  as  follows.  While  marching,  ever\'  other 
couple  face  in  the  ()])p()site  direction. 

I  St.      Four  hands  round,  turn  quite  to  place 

2(1.      Ladies'  chain. 

3<1.      Right  and  Ictt. 


I 


Mar  chin  (/.  67 

4th.  All  four  cross  hands  in  the  centre, 
swing  half  way  round,  and  back  to  place. 

5th.  Forward  and  back,  forward  and  back 
again,  pass  through,  meeting  the  next  couple. 
Swing  four  hands  round,  and  so  on,  repeating 
till  the  leaders  have  made  the  circuit  of  the 
hall. 

A  difficult,  but  beautiful  figure,  consists  of 
the  gradual  and  perfect  changing  from  single 
file  on  the  side  to  four,  eight,  and  sixteen 
abreast.  Then  reverse,  thus  bringing  the 
class  back  into  single  file  order.  This  re- 
quires skilful  leaders,  and  much  practice  to 
bring  about  a  satisfactory  result. 

While  marchinof  four,  eight,  and  sixteen 
abreast,  the  hands  should  be  dropped  at  the 
sides,  shoulder  against  shoulder,  keeping  close 
to  next  neighbor. 

Another  very  pretty  figure  is  to  form  a  hol- 
low square,  in  the  following  manner  :  — 

Let  the  class  form  eight  abreast  at  head  of 
the  hall,  and  march  slowly  down  once,  keep- 
ing the  lines  six  or  eight  feet  apart ;  separate. 


68  Light   Gymnastics. 

and  wheel  by  fours  at  the  foot  of  the  hall ; 
march  still  more  slowly  from  the  head  until 
half  w^ay  down  the  centre.  The  first  line  of 
eight  stand  still,  only  marking  time  with  the 
left  foot,  while  the  second  line  wheels  to  the 
right,  the  third  line  to  left,  and  the  foiu-tii 
closes  up,  making  the  square  complete.  If 
there  are  more  than  the  thirty-two  compris- 
ing the  square,  in  the  class,  move  this  square 
lower  down  the  hall,  and  form  one  or  more 
above  it. 

While  marching  eight  abreast,  instead  of 
separating  by  fours  at  the  foot  of  the  hall,  a 
pretty  change  is  effected  by  having  the  class 
all  ^ace  to  the  right  and  march  off,  one  line  at 
a  time,  single  file,  until  all  are  in  line  on  the 
the  side  of  the  hall.  Another  way  is  to  swing 
the  first  line  to  the  right,  the  second  to  the 
left,  and  so  on,  till  all   are  at  the  sides. 

The  lines  must  be  kcj)t  perfectly  straiglit 
while  wheeling  to  right  or  left.  The  one  at 
end  of  line  in  centre  remains  almost  station- 
ary, wliile  liie  one  at  the   opposite  end  moves 


Marddtuj.  (39 

quite  rapidly.  Always  remember,  in  this  and 
in  :J1  other  large  figures  to  face  a  little  to  the 
left,  keeping  close  to  the  next  neighbor. 

When  classes  do  not  number  over  thirty,  it 
is  best  to  keep  them  all  in  one  company,  but 
tor  a  much  larger  number  it  is  easier  and 
prettier  to  divide  the  class  equally.  Place 
irood  leaders  at  the  head  of  each  division,  and 
keep  the  two  lines  about  eight  feet  apart, 
leading  from  the  head  of  the  hall,  as  in  ordi- 
nary marching.  Part  of  the  time  let  both 
companies  take  exactly  the  same  exercises  at 
tlie  same  time  ;  tlien  change,  and  give  the 
leaders  an  opportunity  to  see  how  many  dif- 
ferent changes  they  can  recall,  and  originate. 
Never  allow  one  leader  t )  use  the  same  exer- 
cise that  the  other  is  taking  at  the  same  time. 

The  wheel  is  one  of  the  handsomest  of  the 
laree  fiofures.  and  not  at  all  difficult. 

Move  the  class  very  slowly,  four  abreast, 
nearly  down  the  hall.  Let  all  those  who  are 
at  the  end  of  lines  on  the  right  keep  almost 
immovable,    while     the     rest     march     slowly 


70  JJf/Jit   Gipnnastics. 

about  the  hall.  Each  line  forms  a  spoke  in 
the  wheel,  and  those  at  the  "  hub  "  must  join 
hands  or  touch  shoulders  in  order  to  keep 
well  together.  After  turning  twice  round 
the  hall,  the  leader  at  the  end  of  first  line 
marches  slowly  up  the  side  of  hall,  followed 
by  end  one  from  each  line.  In  the  mean  time 
the  wheel  continues  to  turn,  and  on  the  second 
revolution,  all  again  from  the  ends,  follow  the 
second  leader.  So  continue  till  the  class  is  in 
four  long  lines,  one  within  the  other,  and 
marching  very  slowly.  All  pay  strict  at- 
tention to  the  leaders,  who  soon  form  four 
abreast,  and  followed  in  same  way  by  the 
whole  class,  march  quite  round  the  hall. 
This  is  a  good  time  for  singing,  which  is  one 
very  important  and  pleasing  feature  of  th  ? 
Gymnasium.  Clasp  hands  beliind  the  back, 
or  extend  the  arms,  resting  hands  upon  neigh- 
bors' shoulders,  and  sing  with  all  die  spirit 
and  strength  possible. 

Sing  once  during  every  march,  and  let  it  be 
a  time  for  slow,  restful  ligures,  or  for  the  last 


Marching.  71 

two  or  three  turns  about  tlie  hall  before  the 
class  is  dismissed.  When  the  class  is  large 
several  more  difficult  figures  can  be  formed. 

Oiic  of  these  is  called  the  pyramid : 
Wlnile  marching  single  file,  the  leader 
rests  half  way  down  centre  of  hall,  two 
stand  behind  her,  three  next,  four  next,  and 
so  on,  till  all  the  class  are  in  position.  Face 
to  tlie  right,  leader  march  oft'  first,  followed 
by  each  line  in  turn  till  all  are  again  in  single- 
file  order.     Always  repeat  this. 

Another  is  called  the  double  cross,  and  is 
formed  in  this  manner  :  — 

From  the  head  of  the  hall  while  marching 
four  abreast,  four  lead  down  centre  single 
file.  The  next  four  wheel  to  right,  next  four 
to  left,  joining  eight  abreast  behind  the  first 
four.  Then  four  more  lead  single  file,  four 
wheel  to  right,  four  to  left,  and  so  on.  If 
the  class  is  very  large  eight  should  lead,  fol- 
lowed by  sixteen.  While  marching  down 
the  centre  sixteen  abreast,  it  is  very  good 
practice  to  separate,   wheel  eight  each  way, 


72  Light  Gymnastics. 

again  separate  on  the  side,  march  four 
abreast,  separate,  march  two  abreast,  and 
from  liead  of  hall  march  in  single-file  order 
down  centre. 

To  cultivate  attention  and  promptness  of 
action,  when  starting  with  partners,  march  a 
few  steps,  reverse,  each  dropping  the  arm, 
and  turning  toward  partners,  march  on  a  few 
steps  in  opposite  direction,  skip  a  few  steps, 
reverse  quickly  and  march.  Reverse  again, 
and  leap ;  reverse,  and  skip ;  reverse,  and 
march  single  file.  Change  quickly  back  to 
partners,  then  to  single  file  again,  to  four, 
eight,  and  sixteen  abreast ;  then  back  to  single 
file  or  partners  again.  March  with  partner 
from  head  of  liall  very  slowly.  After  a  few 
steps  the  next  couple  separate,  right  one  step- 
ping to  riglit  of  leader,  left  to  left  of  other 
leader.  Tiiird  and  fourth  couples  separate  a 
little  later,  eacli,  and  join  in  tlie  same  man- 
ner. Then  tlic  leaders  from  the  next  eight 
step  forward,  next  couple  separate,  and  so  on, 
till  the  class  is  marciiin<j:  ei<2:ht  abreast  down 


Marching.  73 

the  hall.  All  ^vheel  to  right,  and  march 
clown  centre  with  hands  crossed  behind  the 
l)ack.     Always  repeat  this. 

Ring   March. 

Choose  partners,  and  each  one  carry  a  ring 
in  the  right  hand.  Select  such  exercises  as 
have  already  been  described  that  can  well  be 
performed  with  rings.  Join  rings  at  upper 
end  of  hall  and  pull  once,  return  and  pull 
with  other  hand.  Push  with  right  and  left, 
then  with  both  hands. 

Join  hands  four  abreast,  and  take  leaping, 
skipping,  and  all  the  side  and  front  steps. 
Cross  hands,  with  rings  in  front,  and  take  the 
waltz,  heel-and-toe  polka,  or  any  of  the  be- 
fore-mentioned dancing  steps.  Take  them  in 
couples,  or  four,  eight  and  sixteen  abreast. 
Join  rings,  and  march  down  the  hall  with 
rings  and  hands  extended  ;  reverse,  and  leap 
back  with  hands  uplifted. 

All  the  exercises  given  for  the  single-file 
march,  particularly  in  circles,  are  more  eflect- 


7  4  Light  Gymnastics. 

ive  when  performed  with  the  rings.  What 
is  called  the  basket  figure  in  quadrilles,  can 
be  well  introduced  ;  and  an  extremely  pretty 
figure  is  formed  by  joining  rings  throughout 
the  class,  keeping  in  single-file  order,  and 
wind  up  in  the  labyrinth,  or  carry  the  line  in 
serpentine  curves  about  the  hall.  Another 
change  may  be  introduced  in  this  way  :  Form 
a  line. on  each  side  of  the  hall,  leaders  stand- 
ing just  at  the  upper  end.  Join  the  rings, 
raise  them  high  and  leap  to  the  centre. 
When  the  two  lines  are  exactly  face  to  face, 
drop  hands  to  position  on  the  hips  ;  all  face 
quickly  down  the  hall  and  march  single  file 
till  the  lines  arc  again  in  position.  Cross  the 
hands  with  rings  in  front  while  standing  in 
same  position,  and  march  carefully  till  both 
lines  meet ;  then  face  down  the  hall  and  march 
round  to  upj)cr  centre,  join  partners,  and  droj:) 
rings  at  sides.  Form  two  large  circles  ;  while 
all  in  one  circle  lift  the  hands  and  rings  high, 
the  leader  of  the  other  breaks  her  circle,  and 
passing    under    the-    uj^liftcd    hands    of    tiiose 


Marching.  75 

nearest  her,  leads  her  company  in  and  out 
between  every  other  couple  till  she  brings  her 
circle  back  to  place,  with  hands  uplifted. 
The  other  leader  repeats  this  exercise. 

Wand  March. 

The  wand  is  held  in  right  hand  resting 
against  right  shoulder,  left  hanJ  always  down 
at  side  instead  of  on  the  hip.  The  music,  as 
a  rule,  should  be  slow,  and  regular  march 
time  is  better  than  the  quicker  music  used  for 
the  fancy  steps  and  dancing  figures  of  the 
marches.  Of  course  many  of  the  changes 
already  given  can  well  be  introduced  here; 
but  there  are  many  others  peculiarly  adapted 
to  this  style  of  marching,  and  effort  should  be 
made  to  make  it  as  unlike  the  ring,  single  file 
and  double  marches  as  possible.  March  slowly 
round  the  room  by  twos  ;  reverse,  march  by 
fours ;  reverse,  by  eights ;  reverse,  back  to 
fours,  back  to  two  abreast,  still  marching 
round  the  room  and  not  down  the  centre. 
Partners  march  side  by  side  with  wands  be- 


76  IA(jJit    (j  ijinHOstics. 

hind  the  shoulders,  beliiiid  the  head.  Join 
the  hands  in  front,  leap  down  the  centre  with 
hands  in  that  position.  Down  the  centre 
again  with  longer  leaping  steps,  and  with 
hands  and  wands  uplifted. 

Skip  with  wands  joined  between  partners, 
and  pointing  up  and  down  the  hall.  March 
down  centre  two  feet  apart  with  wands  lifted 
high  over  head.  Meet  again  at  head  of  hall, 
step  four  feet  from  partner,  touch  ends  of 
wands  high  over  head.  The  next  couple 
pass  under  them,  taking  same  position  just 
beside  the  first  couple.  All  follow  till  a  long 
bridge  is  formed,  under  which  the  class  fol- 
lows the  leader.  Another  somewhat  similar 
exercise  is  formed  by  marching  slowly  down 
the  hall  with  wands  joined  and  lifted  as  high 
as  possible,  and  at  tlic  foot  of  the  hall  turning 
and  passing  imdcr  the  wands  of  the  whole 
class.  Partners  separate  at  foot  of  hall, 
march  in  single  file  up  the  sides,  stop  at 
upper  corner,   all  face  across  the  hall. 

Mark  time  with  left  foot,  face  the  left,  antl 


Murrli  111(1.  77 

at  the  word  of  command  from  the  leader  all 
march  (starting  with  left  foot  always)  to  the 
centre  of  hall.  On  reaching  partners,  face 
down  the  hall,  and  march  down  and  separate 
as  usual. 

Another  way,  upon  meeting  in  the  centre 
face  to  face,  is  for  each  to  pass  to  left  of  part- 
ner, and  cross  the  hall,  keeping  the  line  as 
straight  as  possible.  Reverse,  and  repeat  the 
order,  marching  across  the  hall,  and  the 
diagonal  changes  have  a  pretty  effect  with 
the  uplifted  wands. 

Pass  into  single-file  order,  partners  resting 
their  wands  on  each  other's  shoulders.  Lift, 
and  return  the  wands  to  that  position  twice. 
Drop  wands  down  at  sides,  raise  to  perpen- 
dicular twice,  then  from  shoulder  at  side,  and 
to  horizontal  at  side  twice. 

Again  from  overhead  down  to  shoulder 
twice.  Zigzag  across  the  hall,  wind  up  in 
the  labyrinth,  form  a  circle,  and  then  all  face 
to  the  centre,  and  charge  with  wands,  first 
right,  then  left,  as  in  the  reguL.r  war.d  exer- 
cise. 


78  IJfjlit   Gi/))i)tastics. 

All  march  to  centre  of  circle  stamping, 
return  softly  to  place.  All  face  out,  and 
charge  as  before,  left,  then  right,  pointing  the 
wands  diagonally  forward  each  time. 

March  single  file  half-way  up  the  hall,  on 
each  side. 

Turn  square  corner,  and  four  from  each 
line  march  to  centre  of  hall,  where  they  re- 
main standing  face  to  face. 

Four  more  pass  in  behind  them,  and  so 
continue  till  all  are  standing  in  the  same 
position.  The  leader,  giving  a  signal,  marches 
with  partner  out  and  down  the  hall,  fol- 
lowed by  class,  two  by  two  ;  each  in  turning 
must  march  into  the  leader's  place  before 
starting  down  the  hall.  The  wheel  formed 
while  marching  with  wands  has  a  good  eflect, 
and  only  one  ditTerence  must  be  observed  : 
the  hands  must  be  dropped  down  at  sides 
instead  of  joining  one  wit'i  next  neighbor. 

Cautions. 
Never  march  too  long. 
Never  march  when  tired.      Pupils  are  very 


Marching.  79 

apt  to  think  that  as  marching  is  more  enjoy- 
able than  other  exercises  it  can  be  taken  when 
too  tired  to  do  anything  else. 

While  marching  with  rings  the  utmost 
pains  should  be  taken  not  to  move  swiftly 
when  they  are  joined,  as  in  circles  ;  and  whilis 
the  wands  are  used  there  is  some  danger  of 
hitting  those  behind  with  the  wand  wdiile 
changing  its  position  at  foot  of  the  hall. 


CHAPTER   ON    DRESS. 


Much  thought  and  consideration  have  been 
bestowed  upon  the  preparation  of  a  suitable 
gymnastic  dress,  which  should  combine  all 
that  is  most  needful  for  a  warm,  properly 
fitting,  and  withal,  cheap  garment.  In  ad- 
dition to  the  careful  examination  of  different 
styles  of  dress,  as  worn  in  the  classes  of  Dr. 
Lewis,  and  many  others,  I  have  had  the  per- 
sonal supervision  of  all  the  gymnastic  suits 
made  for  the  students  of  Smith  College,  for 
the  past  six  years.  I  feel  justified,  therefore 
in  saying,  as  the  result  of  such  experience, 
that  I  have  at  last  a  model,  which  if  always 
properly  made,  is  very  nearly  perfect.  This 
dress  is  so  simple  that  with  the  following 
carefully    prepared    directions    and    measure- 


Chapter  on  Dress.  81 

ments,  it  can  be  easily  made  at  home.  The 
best  material  is  coarse,  but  not  thin,  twilled 
flannel.  This  hangs  and  wears  better  than 
any  lighter,  handsomer  goods.  A  sufficiently 
good  quality  can  be  purchased  at  wholesale 
from  thirty  to  thirty^-five  cents  per  yard  ;  at 
retail  from  thirty-five  to  forty  cents.  All 
things  considered,  dark  blue  is  the  color  to 
choose,  provided  you  can  get  a  shade  that 
will  not  crock  badly.  All  blue  and  some 
other  colors  are  more  or  less  uncertain,  but 
there  is  a  great  difference  in  this  respect. 
Take  a  sample  and  test,  by  rubbing  vigorous- 
ly on  white  cloth.  A  thin  lining  cambric  can 
be  used  to  advantage  on  this  account  for  the 
waist  and  sleeves  only.  It  is  desirable  for  no 
other  reason,  as  the  dress  is  sufficiently  warm 
without  it.  Suits  of  this  material  of  ordi- 
nary width  require  from  seven  and  a  quarter 
to  eight  and  a  half  yards,  according  to  size  of 
wearer.  With  the  first  named  amount  for  a 
person  of  medium  size,  the  flannel  drawers, 
which  always  accompany  this  dress,  must  be 


82  IMjht  Gymnastics. 

pieced  at  top  with  cambric,  and  many  prefer 
this  way,  while  with  eight  and  a  half  yards 
for  a  person  of  the  same  size,  there  will  be 
material  sufficient  to  make  the  drawers  en- 
tirely of  flannel.  These  drawers  are  essen- 
tial for  warmth,  and  are  much  less  conspic- 
uous than  those  ordinarily  worn,  which  these 
of  course  entirely  cover.  They  should  be 
long  enough  to  reach  a  little  below  the  knee, 
where  they  are  confined  by  elastic  cord,  and 
show  very  little,  if  any  below  the  dress.  The 
skirt  should  be  trimmed  with  a  plaited 
flounce  five  or  six  inches  deep  after  it  is 
iinished  ;  placed  not  on  the  skirt,  but  at  the 
lower  edge,  as  seen  in  frontispiece.  This 
flounce  should  be  stitched  on  a  little  below  its 
upper  edge,  to  aftbrd  a  heading.  Several 
rows  of  white,  red  or  old  gold  braid  above 
the  flounce  add  to  the  eflect,  and  the  same 
trimmings  of  course  on  the  waist,  collar, 
cufls,  belt  and  pocket-laps,  with  buttons  to 
match. 

The  whole  cost  of  such  a  dress  is  six  dol- 


Chapter  on  Dress.  83 

lars  and  twenty-five  cents.  Deduct  from  this 
two  dollars  and  a  half,  the  usual  price  of 
tliose  who  make  up  such  dresses  by  the  quan- 
tity, and  the  expense  of  one  gotten  up  wholly 
at  home  would  be  three  dollars  and  seventy- 
five  cents.  This  is  when  the  goods  are 
bought  at  wdiolesale  price.  The  great  mis- 
take is  often  made  of  overtrimming,  thus 
adding  to  the  cost  and  weight  of  a  dress 
whose  leading  characteristics  should  be  dura- 
bility and  simplicity.  It  is  f^ir  more  eco- 
nomical to  have  classes  wear  a  uniform.  The 
suits  are  then  cut  to  much  better  advantage, 
while  the  class  will  make  a  finer  appearance 
as  a  whole,  than  if  individual  taste  was 
allowed.  Everything  depends  upon  the  cut- 
ting and  litting  of  such  dresses.  The  skirt 
has  one  plain  breadth  in  the  back,  one  sliglitly 
gored  in  the  front,  and  a  gore  on  each  side. 
The  length  of  the  skirt  after  the  flounce  is  on 
should  invariably  be  seven  inches  from  the 
floor  at  the  back,  and  eight  inches  in  front. 
A    longer    skirt   is   difticult  to    manage,    and 


84  Light  Gymnastics. 

a  shorter  one  awkward  and  unnecessary. 
Width  of  skirt  two  and  one-fourth  yards. 
The  waist  is  quite  loose,  and  long  enough 
under  the  arms  to  enable  the  wearer  to  tluust 
the  arms  directly  up  without  drawing  upon 
the  waist  belt  at  all.  There  should  be  plent\' 
of  room  across  the  chest,  and  the  shoulder 
seam  measures  just  six  inches  in  length. 
After  the  sleeve  is  in,  a  small  plait  just  above 
the  top  of  the  sleeve  is  made,  reducing  the 
lengtli  of  the  shoulder  scam  to  exactly  five 
inches.  This  gives  all  the  breadth  required, 
and  the  plait  enables  the  wearer  to  lift  the 
arm  without  restraint,  and  greatly  improves 
tlic  appearance  of  the  figure.  The  sleeve  is 
what  is  commonly  known  as  a  shirt  sleeve, 
being  perfectly  straight,  and  liaving  the  in- 
side scam  sliglitly  shorter  at  top  and  bottom 
than  the  outside.  It  is  ]-)rettiest  when  finished 
with  a  deep  (unicd-oxcr  culf.  trimmed  witli 
braid,  and  lln-ee  or  four  buttons  up  llie  back. 
A  sailor  or  any  large  collar  is  used.  \(  the 
belts  are  trimmed  with  braid,  or  to  match  the 


Chapter  on  Dress.  85 

rest  of  the  dress,  there  is  no  necessity  for  out- 
side belts,  as  the  skirts  are  sewn  firmly  to  the 
waist,  and  a  pocket  inserted  in  the  old-fash- 
ioned way  in  the  right  side  seam,  with  cover 
or  lap  trimmed  with  braid  and  buttons. 
Bands  of  soft  woollen  in  gold,  crimson  or 
white  can  be  substituted  for  the  braid,  which 
is,  however,  the  simplest  and  cheapest  form 
of  ornamentation.  A  short  white  or  flan- 
nel skirt  must  be  worn  always,  and  stockings 
of  dark  blue,  cardinal,  or  black  are  in  the  best 
taste.  While  strapped  slippers  or  low  shoes 
can  be  worn  with  propriety,  an  easy  broad- 
soled,  low-heeled  buttoned  boot  is  by  far  the 
best.  The  old-fashioned  low  slipper  offers  no 
support  to  the  ankles,  which  are  often,  in 
consequence,  liable  to  sprains  during  the 
marching  and  dumb-bell  exercises.  High 
heels  and  corsets  are  the  two  great  evils  to  be 
avoided,  and  it  seems  utterly  absurd  that  any 
sensible  girl  should  need  a  word  of  caution 
in  regard  to  what  is  so  obvious  a  drawback 
to  all   movements  in  the  direction  of  health. 


86  Light   Gymnastics. 

whether  it  be  exercise  in  the  Gymnasium,  or 
out  of  doors.  A  thick,  well-fitting,  but  loose 
under-waist  should  take  the  place  of  all  forms 
of  corsets,  and  the  shoe  which  is  destined  to 
be  habitually  w^orn  in  the  Gymnasium  is  low, 
broad,  made  of  soft  serge,  tied  over  the  in- 
step, and  with  very  low  heel.  In  these  all 
difficult  steps  can  be  taken  with  ease,  and 
walking  and  running  can  be  performed  as 
naturally  as  by  boys.  How  many  can  boast 
of  having  seen  a  young  lady  of  the  period  run 
with  ease  and  grace?  and  not  one  in  twenty 
of  our  school  girls  walks  with  erect  and 
graceful  carriage.  Tight  dresses,  heavy  skirts 
and  high-heeled  boots  can  certainly  be  all 
done  away  with  in  the  Gymnasium,  and  this 
movement  in  the  riorht  direction  oug^ht  to  lead 
to  reform  in  all  home  and  street  dress. 

One  word  more  of  caution  in  regard  to 
dress  after  exercising.  If  necessary  to  go  at 
once  into  the  outside  air,  a  cloak  or  long  dress 
skirt  and  wrap  of  some  sort  should  be  put  on 
over  the   sliort  dress,   while   in  winter  over- 


Chapter  on  Dress.  87 

shoes,  or  some  other  protection  for  both  feet 
and  ankles,  must  be  added.  Simple  as  are 
these  ^orecautions,  many  will  fail  to  use  them 
unless  repeatedly  urged  to  do  so ;  and  the 
colds  that  often  follow  such  unnecessary  ex- 
posure only  serve  to  convince  those  not 
favorably  disposed  to  these  exercises  of  their 
dangerous  character. 


GYMNASTIC    MUSIC. 


As  soon  as  a  good  musician  becomes  ac- 
quainted with  the  exact  time  required  for  the 
different  exercises,  ahiiost  any  air  can  be 
adapted  for  each  and  every  one  of  them. 

At  first,  however,  it  is  necessary  to  have 
some  special  music  that  can  be  easily  pro- 
cured at  any  music  store. 

The  following  list  contains  only  such  selec- 
tions as  have  been  thoroughly  tested  in  the 
College  Gynmasium  :  — 

Frek  Gvisinastics. 
"  Northern  Route,"  (ialoji,  by  Charles  Smilli. 
Chorus,  "  G()(nl  Night,''  from  Iwangeline. 
March,  from  lioccacio. 
"Just  Once  More,"  Galop. 


Gynmastic  JIusic.  SO 

"  Jolly  Brothers,"  Galop. 

"Triton,"  March. 

"  Pizzacata,"  Polka,  by  Strauss. 

Wands. 
*'  Haymaker's,"  Schottische,  by  W.  A.  Briggs. 
This   is    the    only  music  that    can  be  fully 
recommended  for  the  Wands. 

Rings. 
"  Blue  Danube  "  Waltzes,  by  Strauss. 
''Artist's  Life,"  Waltz,  by  Strauss. 
Selections  from  "  La  Mascotte." 

For  the  Quartette  Exereises,  with  Rings  : 
"High  Life  is  Splendid," 
"  Saratoga  Waltzes,"  by  Bowles. 

Dumb-Bells. 

"  Academic  "  Waltzes,  by  Strauss, 
"  Autograph  "  Waltzes,  by  Strauss. 
"Thousand-and-one  Nights,"  b}-  Strauss. 
Waltz,  Lanciers,  by  Dodworth. 


90  Light  Gymnastics. 

"  Boston  Dip,"  Waltz. 

"  Annie  Laurie,"  and  other  Scotch  airs 

jFor  f/ic  Ani'il  CJiorus  : 
Anvil  Chorus,  from  II  Trovatore. 

Marches. 

'^  Triton,"  March,  by  T.owles. 

Racquet  Galop,  by  Kate  SimnionSc 

"  Queen's,"  Polka,  by  Raff. 

"  Switzer  Boy,"  College  Song. 

Vocal  Lanciers. 

Virginia  Reel. 

"  Life  let  us  Cherish." 

Secret  Love. 

The  Caledonians. 

Turtle  Dove  Polka. 

"Queen's,"  J'olka. 

"  Puck." 

Heel  and  Toe,  from  "  Fntinitza.'' 

"  Northern  Route,"  Cialojx 

"  Soldier's  joy,"  College  Song. 

''  Life  let  us  Cherish." 


Gymnastic  Jlicsic.  91 


March,  from  "  The  Pirates." 
The  "  Pirate's  Serenade." 
March,  from  "  Faust." 


INDIAN    CLUBS. 


Many  of  the  club  exercises,  as  given  in  our 
regular  gymnasiums,  are  exceedingly  difficult, 
and  are  not  practicable  in  class  drill  for  young 
ladies  and  children.  For  this  reason,  there  will 
here  be  introduced  a  few  only  of  the  more 
simple  exercises,  such  as  can  be  used  with 
music. 

'J'he  size  of  the  club  should  always  be  the 
first  thing  considered  :  eighteen  inches  long, 
and  three  inches  thick,  for  young  ladies  ;  fifteen 
inches  long,  and  two  inches  thick,  for  children. 

The  club  exercises,  in  some  respects,  differ 
widely  from  all  others. 

I'hey  are  chiefly  useful  in  cultivating  en- 
durance: they  bring  into  play  and  greatly 
strengthen    the    muscles    of    the    neck     and 

1)2 


Indian   Cluhs.  1)3 

shoulders.  They  also  aid  greatly  in  over- 
coming the  habit  of  stooping. 

These  movements  should  always  be  taken 
more  slowly  than  other  exercises,  and  the 
times  of  rest  should  be  more  frequent. 

Great  effort  must  be  made  to  secure  a 
straight  line  in  the  arm  and  club,  both  for 
appearance'  sake,  and  to  get  the  full  value  of 
the  exercise.  It  will  be  found  more  difficult 
to  obtain  accuracy  with  the  clubs  than  with 
dumb-bells,  wands,  or  rings. 

Exercises. 

No.  I.  Clubs  held  firmly  down  at  the  sides. 
Carry  the  right  arm,  without  bending  the  elbow, 
up  to  the  horizontal  in  front,  then  back  to  first 
position.  The  left  arm  performs  the  same. 
Tiien  both  arms  together,  twice. 

This  fills  a  strain  of  music,  as  all  the  move- 
ments are  made  on  accented  beats  only. 

No.  2.  On  the  last  unaccented  beat  of  the 
last  strain,  bring  both  arms  into  the  horizontal 
position  in  front.     Starting  with  them  in   that 


94  Light   Gymnastics. 

position  carry  the  right  arm  from  the  horizontal 
in  front,  to  the  perpendicular  over  the  shoulder, 
and  back  again  to  the  horizontal,  once.  Left 
arm,  the  same.  Both  arms  together,  twice. 
This  completes  the  strain. 

No.  3.  Let  the  clubs  fall  on  the  last  unac- 
cented beat  into  first  position,  down  at  sides. 
Now  bring  the  right  club  from  this  position  to 
the  perpendicular  over  the  shoulder,  and  back 
again,  once.  Left  club,  the  same.  Both  clubs 
together,  twice. 

No.  4.  Starting  in  the  first  position,  carry 
the  right  club  to  the  liorizontal,  directly  at  the 
side,  and  back,  once.  The  left  club,  the  same. 
Both  together,  twice. 

No.  5.  On  last  unaccented  beat  of  last 
strain  carry  both  clubs  into  the  horizontal  at 
the  side.  Now  raise  the  right  club  and  arm 
into  the  perpendicular  over  the  shoulder,  and 
return  to  the  liorizontal,  once.  Left  club,  the 
same.     IJoih  clubs  together,  twice. 

No.  6.  On  the  last  unaccented  beat  of  the 
last  strain,  drop  the  clubs  to  first  position  down 


Indian  Clubs.  95 

at  sides.  Now  carry  the  right  club  through  the 
side  sweep  to  the  perpendicular,  over  the  shoul- 
der, and  return  to  first  position.  Left  club,  the 
same.     Both  clubs  together,  twice. 

No.  7.  Starting  in  first  position,  raise  the 
right  club  to  the  horizontal  in  front,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  raise  the  left  club  to  the  horizontal 
at  the  side.  Now  bring  them  both  back  to  first 
position.  On  the  third  beat,  carry  the  right 
club  up  to  the  horizontal  at  the  side ;  and  the 
left  club  to  the  horizontal  in  front.  Back  to 
first  position.  Repeat  these  two  movements, 
which  will  complete  the  strain. 

No.  8.  On  the  last  unaccented  beat  of  last 
strain,  bring  both  clubs  into  the  following  posi- 
tion :  the  right  club  horizontal  in  front,  the  left 
club  horizontal  at  side.  Carry  the  clubs  to  the 
perpendicular  over  the  shoulders,  then  bring 
them  down  to  the  horizontal  again,  but  let  the 
right  club  fall  into  the  last  position  of  left, 
and  the  left  club  into  position  of  right.  In 
order  to  complete  the  strain  of  music,  repeat 
the  whole  of  this  exercise. 


96  Light  Gymnastics. 

No.  9.  Lift  the  right  club  to  the  perpen- 
dicular over  the  shoulder,  left  club  to  the 
horizontal  in  front,  change  position  evenly, 
throughout  the  strain. 

No.  10.  Lift  both  clubs  to  the  perpendicular, 
over  the  shoulders,  bringing  them  both  down 
to  the  horizontal  in  front,  and  on  the  next  beat 
carry  them  slowly  in  «ame  line  to  the  horizontal 
at  the  sides.  On  the  next  beat  carry  the  clubs 
up  to  the  perpendicular  over  the  shoulders ; 
on  the  next  beat,  to  the  horizontal  in  front ;  on 
the  next  beat,  again  to  the  horizontal  at  the 
side ;  on  the  next  beat,  again  to  the  perpendic- 
ular over  the  shoulders  ;  on  the  next  beat,  to 
the  horizontal  in  front ;  on  the  next  beat,  to  the 
perpendicular  over  the  shoulders. 

No.  II.  On  the  last  unaccented  beat  of  the 
last  strain  bring  the  clubs  into  the  horizontal 
position  in  front.  Holding  the  arms  firmly  in 
this  position,  without  bending  the  elbows,  carry 
the  right  club,  by  a  slow  turn  of  the  wrist,  over 
upon  the  right  arm,  letting  it  strike  the  wrist 
and  arm ;  then  on  the  next  accented  beat  carry 


Indian  Clubs.  97 

it  back  again  to  the  extended  horizontal  posi- 
tion in  front.  The  left  arm  performs  the  same. 
Both  together,  twice. 

No.  12.  On  the  last  unaccented  beat  of  last 
strain,  carry  the  arms  around  to  the  horizontal 
at  the  sides,  holding  the  arms  firmly  in  that 
position  ;  by  a  slow  turn  of  the  wrist  carry  the 
right  club  over  upon  the  right  arm,  as  in  last 
exercise ;  then  on  next  beat  carry  it  back 
again  to  the  extended  horizontal  position  in 
front.  Left  club  the  same.  Both  together, 
twice. 

No.  13.  At  the  close  of  last  exercise  bring 
the  clubs  back  again  to  the  horizontal  in  front, 
and  holding  both  arms  firmly  in  this  position 
lift  both  clubs  to  the  perpendicular;  all  of  this 
must  be  done  on  the  last  unaccented  beat  of 
last  strain.  Now  on  the  first  beat  let  the  right 
club  fall  directly  outward  at  right  angles  with 
the  arm,  down  to  the  horizontal,  and  then 
brmg  it  back  to  the  perpendicular.  Left  club, 
the  same.     Beth  clubs  together,  twice. 

No.  14.  i^xtending  the  arms  to  the  horizon- 


98  Light  Gymnastics. 

tal  in  front,  the  clubs  perpendicular;  let  the 
right  club  fall  down  to  the  horizontal  at  right 
angles  with  the  right  arm,  and  towards  the 
other  hand.  Carry  it  back  again  to  the  per- 
pendicular. Left  club,  the  same.  Both  clubs 
together,  twice. 

No.  15.  On  the  last  unaccented  beat  of  last 
strain,  bring  the  arms  around  to  the  horizontal 
at  the  sides,  the  clubs  being  held  in  the  per- 
pendicular attitude.  Now  let  the  right  club 
fall  down  into  position  of  hanging  behind. 
Keep  the  arms  exactly  horizontal,  and  bring 
the  clubs  back  again  to  the  perpendicular  at 
sides.  Left  club,  the  same.  Both  clubs  to- 
gether, twice. 

No.  16.  Holding  the  arms  horizontal  at  the 
sides,  with  the  clubs  perpendicular,  repeat  the 
last  exercise,  except  that  the  clubs  must  fall 
down  in  front  instead  of  behind. 


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